The land - only «amplification» factor was actually close to 0.95 (+ / -0.07, 95 % uncertainty in an individual simulation arising from fitting a linear trend), implying that you should be expecting that land surface temperatures to rise (slightly) faster
than the satellite values.
Not exact matches
Overall, HiSeq2000 performs better
than SOLiD 4 and 5500xl SOLiD in nearly all categories except for
satellite regions (p -
value 0.005 HiSeq2000 vs. SOLiD 4), and even outperforms Complete Genomics (both at full and at 30x coverage) in simple repeat regions (p -
value 0.0386).
Howarth places heavy weight on the
value of an analysis of
satellite measurements, saying it provides better data
than aircraft measurements over a longer period of time.
As a
value proposition, it's hard to ignore the LT. Sure it is over three grand more
than the LS +, but you do get
satellite navigation, rain - sensing wipers, button entry and engine start as well as self - parking and side blind spot alert.
Mini is definitely going the BMW route: Rather
than providing
value to the buyers of this $ 36,000 compact, you'll have to spend an extra $ 1,000 to get a rearview camera and another $ 300 for
satellite radio.
NB: Vendicar is correct that the peak
satellite value for the current ENSO cycle is higher
than in 1998, but as noted by DanH, that peak did not occur until February of this year.
At face
value, the
satellite data is supported by weather balloon data, covers a much larger area of the globe
than the surface - based data, and, as you pointed out, is free from the urban heat island effect and other potential flaws of surface measurements.
However, there still is an unexplained discrepancy with the very earliest
satellite data showing
values that are noticably warmer
than the ground data.
Since this is 7Watts / m ^ 2 higher
than the actual measured average and is more
than a full Watt / m ^ 2 higher
than any
value measured in the past 31 years, if one were to criticize someone for violating science protocol it would not be Roy Spencer whose basic data and computations are readily available for scrutiny by anyone who whishes to do so; it is Trenberth for using contrived
values for OLR in his energy balance computations instead of using actual physical data measured directly by
satellites.
So I would say that the
satellite MSU
values provide a rough upper limit on the land temperature rise, and that the actual rise is likely to be somewhat less
than that.
If they do not reflect the range of reasonable
values that are supportable in the literature (remember, we have no direct
satellite - based measurements of TSI from the 1910 - 1940 period to check the reconstructions against), then you are assuming that TSI for the period is known with greater accuracy
than it is.
The ice extents for each day of the growth season from December 2010 to March 2011 were significantly lower
than those in previous years, and the
values for most days were at record lows for the
satellite era.