Sentences with phrase «than the surface temperature with»

The fact that it is still substantially lower in temperature at the top of riser 2 than the surface temperature with no flow indicates that it is still getting enough flow to work OK.

Not exact matches

Hmm, so you're telling me that a «heat shield» that was made of «special plastic» (as NASA called it back in the day), which was nothing but epoxy smeared over a ss honey comb «protected» the astros barreling into the upper atmosphere at hypersonic 5 miles / sec, or well over 30 times the velocity of a jumbo - jet and thru temperatures *** as quoted by NASA *** that are «10 times hotter than the surface of the sun», and then they «braked» with only a parachute to a safe splashdown?

One of the challenges has been accurately determining the difference between sea surface temperatures at the poles and the equator during the Eocene, with models predicting greater differences than data suggested.

And the present regime has yet to stabilize: «With increasingly higher sea surface temperatures it is hard to imagine anything lower than 15 storms per year» going forward, the two conclude.

First, sea - surface temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico have been higher than normal in the past couple of months, due to global warming, which means the air that flowed north would have been warmer to start with.

In the latter half of the decade, La Niña conditions persisted in the eastern and central tropical Pacific, keeping global surface temperatures about 0.1 degree C colder than average — a small effect compared with long - term global warming but a substantial one over a decade.

The visualization shows how the 1997 event started from colder - than - average sea surface temperatures — but the 2015 event started with warmer - than - average temperatures not only in the Pacific but also in in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

The data showed a string of monstrous, superhot blobs, each with a temperature of more than 17,000 degrees Fahrenheit (9,400 degrees Celsius)-- almost twice as hot as the surface of the sun.

In the new study, researchers placed tiny particles of silicon carbide (one represented by the group of tan molecules in this artist's concept) covered with graphite (hexagonal networks of gray atoms) in a vacuum chamber that duplicated the deep - space conditions surrounding many stars (temperatures between 900 and 1500 kelvins and pressures less than one - billionth that found at Earth's surface).

The ocean absorbs most of the extra heat trapped by greenhouse gases — more than 80 percent — with temperatures rising up to 3,000 meters below the surface.

The team analyzed an index of sea surface temperatures from the Bering Sea and found that in years with higher than average Arctic temperatures, changes in atmospheric circulation resulted in the aforementioned anomalous climates throughout North America.

They combined this information with the land surface temperatures measured by satellite and found that more than half a million people — about 10 percent of the population — inhabit neighborhoods that are most vulnerable to heat event health impacts.

As New Scientist has previously reported, this means we are passing an ominous milestone, with global surface temperatures now more than 1 °C above the pre-industrial average.

With records dating back to 1880, the global temperature across the world's land and ocean surfaces for August 2014 was 0.75 °C (1.35 °F) higher than the 20th century average of 15.6 °C (60.1 °F).

However, for the globe as a whole, surface air temperatures over land have risen at about double the ocean rate after 1979 (more than 0.27 °C per decade vs. 0.13 °C per decade), with the greatest warming during winter (December to February) and spring (March to May) in the Northern Hemisphere.

The research published in Nature Communications found that in the past, when ocean temperatures around Antarctica became more layered - with a warm layer of water below a cold surface layer - ice sheets and glaciers melted much faster than when the cool and warm layers mixed more easily.

Most of Earth's land surfaces were warmer than average or much warmer than average, according to the Land & Ocean Temperature Percentiles map above, with record warmth notable across most of equatorial and northeastern South America and parts of southeastern Asia.

Much warmer - than - average temperatures engulfed most of the world's oceans during June 2016, with record high sea surface temperatures across parts of the central and southwest Pacific Ocean, northwestern and southwestern Atlantic Ocean, and across parts of the northeastern Indian Ocean.

The CDR potential and possible environmental side effects are estimated for various COA deployment scenarios, assuming olivine as the alkalinity source in ice ‐ free coastal waters (about 8.6 % of the global ocean's surface area), with dissolution rates being a function of grain size, ambient seawater temperature, and pH. Our results indicate that for a large ‐ enough olivine deployment of small ‐ enough grain sizes (10 µm), atmospheric CO2 could be reduced by more than 800 GtC by the year 2100.

Cassini first revealed active geological processes on Enceladus in 2005 with evidence of an icy spray issuing from the moon's south polar region and higher - than - expected temperatures in the icy surface there.

Spencer and Braswell (2010) used middle tropospheric temperature anomalies and although they did not consider any time lag they may have observed some feedback processes with negligible time lag considering that the tropospheric temperature is better correlated to the radiative flux than the surface air 15 temperature.

Lindzen and Giannitsis (2002) pose the hypothesis that the rapid change in tropospheric (850 — 300 hPa) temperatures around 1976 triggered a delayed response in surface temperature that is best modelled with a climate sensitivity of less than 1 °C.

It was discovered that Venus» slow rotational period of 117 Earth days, in conjunction with the ancient analogue of our Sun used in the study, combined to create a hospitable surface temperature only a few degrees cooler than the temperature on present - day Earth.

Hence, the planet has a perpetually daylight side with a fequilibrium surface temperature of around 2,840 degrees Fahrenheit (1,560 degrees Celsius), which is hotter than molten lava and sufficient to melt iron.

When observing the Sun with appropriate filtration, the most immediately visible features are usually its sunspots, which are well - defined surface areas that appear darker than their surroundings due to lower temperatures.

The data showed a string of monstrous, superhot blobs, each with a temperature of more than 17,000 degrees Fahrenheit — almost twice as hot as the surface of the sun.

«Climate Change, Sea Level, and Western Drought: Dangerous Anthropogenic Interference Learn why the American West could be in trouble with surface air temperatures rising faster than elsewhere in the coterminous United States.

My performance was hindered more by the surface of the driveway than by the temperature, that I can say with confidence.

La Niña is the positive phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation and is associated with cooler than average sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean.

[21] More male pups are produced than female pups in years with warmer sea surface temperature in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.

Furthermore, they provide different materials with which the heaters can interact — their irregular and aluminum surfaces create a less effective type of heat sink than the smooth concrete floor, and those heaters draped over engines will therefore reach higher and less controllable temperatures.

How can the comparison of model projections since 1983 with the HadCrut4 surface and UAH lower troposphere temperatures (See Roy Spencer's chart) be anything other than «failure on an epic scale»?

They did state with a «high level of confidence that global mean surface temperature was higher during the last few decades of the 20th century than during any comparable period during the preceding four centuries «-- this is equivalent to the strengthening of the statements made in AR4 concerning the last 500 years.

«Climate Change, Sea Level, and Western Drought: Dangerous Anthropogenic Interference Learn why the American West could be in trouble with surface air temperatures rising faster than elsewhere in the coterminous United States.

Before someone is going to say something like Hadley is different than GISStemp etc, My work agrees indirectly with GISStemp, and above all other reasons, a Density Weighted Temperature of the entire atmosphere would make such surface temperature graphs or projections eventuallTemperature of the entire atmosphere would make such surface temperature graphs or projections eventualltemperature graphs or projections eventually obsolete.

How could it be otherwise, with a core temperature of some 5000 K or more, sitting in the vacuum of outer space, with its nearest decent source of heat unable to maintain an average surface temperature of more than 255 K or so?

And here is the analysis that proves with more than 99 % confidence that the frequency of name storms of the Atlantic is linked to surface temperature.

The attached figure shows the tropospheric temperature trends versus the surface temperature trends in units of K per decade for 1979 — 2004: the tropospheric temperature trends are astonishingly uniform along the equator with a variation of about a factor of 5 smaller than that in the surface temperature trends.

The idea that the MSU record somehow provides more accurate or reliable temperature trends than surface measurements with thermometers, sometimes promoted by «climate skeptics», is scientifically untenable.

Because the wavelength of emitted EM radiation varies with the temperature of the source, it does so in the form of longer - wave IR than that received from the Sun — the Earth's surface is significantly cooler than that of the Sun.

So the problem has been principally with MSU 2LT, which despite a strong surface temperature trend did not seem to have been warming very much — while models and basic physics predict that it should be warming at a slightly larger rate than the surface.

Surface temperatures in parts of Europe appear to have have averaged nearly 1 °C below the 20th century mean during multidecadal intervals of the late 16th and late 17th century (and with even more extreme coolness for individual years), though most reconstructions indicate less than 0.5 °C cooling relative to 20th century mean conditions for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole.

I have no way of knowing the influence of «family relationships» between models, but it is clear that a large part of the apparent correlation of projected warming rate with average surface temperature is due to more runs for some models than for others, combined with the close relationships between certain models.

The difference of adding 1998 is greater here than with the surface data, because the response of tropospheric temperature to ENSO is twice as large as that of surface temperatures to ENSO (in other words, the 1998 anomaly is much larger in the satellite data).

Temperature tends to respond so that, depending on optical properties, LW emission will tend to reduce the vertical differential heating by cooling warmer parts more than cooler parts (for the surface and atmosphere); also (not significant within the atmosphere and ocean in general, but significant at the interface betwen the surface and the air, and also significant (in part due to the small heat fluxes involved, viscosity in the crust and somewhat in the mantle (where there are thick boundary layers with superadiabatic lapse rates) and thermal conductivity of the core) in parts of the Earth's interior) temperature changes will cause conduction / diffusion of heat that partly balances the differentiTemperature tends to respond so that, depending on optical properties, LW emission will tend to reduce the vertical differential heating by cooling warmer parts more than cooler parts (for the surface and atmosphere); also (not significant within the atmosphere and ocean in general, but significant at the interface betwen the surface and the air, and also significant (in part due to the small heat fluxes involved, viscosity in the crust and somewhat in the mantle (where there are thick boundary layers with superadiabatic lapse rates) and thermal conductivity of the core) in parts of the Earth's interior) temperature changes will cause conduction / diffusion of heat that partly balances the differentitemperature changes will cause conduction / diffusion of heat that partly balances the differential heating.

If not for the temperature discontinuity, then the radiation coming from the surface would be less than what fits the linear T ^ 4 pattern, with the biggest difference at angles near vertical.

Before allowing the temperature to respond, we can consider the forcing at the tropopause (TRPP) and at TOA, both reductions in net upward fluxes (though at TOA, the net upward LW flux is simply the OLR); my point is that even without direct solar heating above the tropopause, the forcing at TOA can be less than the forcing at TRPP (as explained in detail for CO2 in my 348, but in general, it is possible to bring the net upward flux at TRPP toward zero but even with saturation at TOA, the nonzero skin temperature requires some nonzero net upward flux to remain — now it just depends on what the net fluxes were before we made the changes, and whether the proportionality of forcings at TRPP and TOA is similar if the effect has not approached saturation at TRPP); the forcing at TRPP is the forcing on the surface + troposphere, which they must warm up to balance, while the forcing difference between TOA and TRPP is the forcing on the stratosphere; if the forcing at TRPP is larger than at TOA, the stratosphere must cool, reducing outward fluxes from the stratosphere by the same total amount as the difference in forcings between TRPP and TOA.

My amateur spreadsheet tracking and projecting the monthly NASA GISS values suggests that while 2018 and 2019 are likely to be cooler than 2017, they may also be the last years on Earth with global average land and ocean surface temperature anomaly below 1C above pre-industrial average (using 1850 - 1900 proxy).

Paul S (# 1)-- Since the Planck Response dominates over positive feedback responses to temperature, wouldn't a La Nina - like failure of surface temperature to rise lead to an increase rather than a reduction in energy accumulation compared with accumulation during a surface warming — presumably a small increase, so that the observed rise in ocean heat content would still be substantial?

If the surface temperature is slow to catch up to that imbalance then the energy imbalance remains large, and we can have sufficient net heating to cause much faster changes in the ice sheets than from the comparatively smaller imbalances caused by the changes in Earth's orbit associated with the glacial periods in the past.