Not exact matches
The usual caveats I give for notional results apply — this is an accounting exercise,
estimating what the ward level vote within each constituency would have been in 2015 (basing the
distribution on the
distribution at local elections)
then reallocating the wards to their new constituencies and adding them back up again.
Confidence intervals for geometric mean AMA1 antibody levels (µg / mL) were
estimated by using log10 - transformed values, calculating the 95 % confidence interval based on the normal
distribution, and
then converting the limits to the original scale for presentation.
We
then focused our analysis on students with
estimated family incomes in the bottom one - third of the income
distribution for families with a 12th grader.
Thereafter shares traded in the $ 15 range until mid October when management upped their
estimate of liquidation
distributions, first to $ 18.10
then $ 18.35.
Projecting future wealth and known future income streams can be a good starting point for
estimating a future marginal tax rate (e.g., what will tax rates be for the retiree who already has Social Security benefits, portfolio interest and dividends, real estate or other passive income sources, and / or Required Minimum
Distributions [RMDs]-RRB-, but clearly some uncertainty remains, not the least because Congress could just outright change the tax laws between now and
then (although even higher tax rates in the future is not a guarantee that Roth conversions are a good idea today!).
We combined the
distributions produced by each
estimate,
then cut off their tails (10 % on each end) to produce a
distribution which is more comparable to the one obtained for shelters.
The reason the Heritage
estimate was so high is that it evaluated the costs of a carbon cap, and
then ignored the
distribution of those funds.
Let us simplify the problem further and assume that the lab can
estimate the RC age on a sample (given an assumed initial mass fraction) with negligible error, and
then consider how we generate the probability
distribution for calendar date even when we have no laboratory measurement error to take into account.
Therefore I submit that in order to
estimate the
distribution of the temperature anomalies for
estimating temperature variability during some time span (perhaps each decade, or a set of 11 - year periods like Hansen et al.),
then for each time span computed,
then baseline for anomaly calculation should be equal to the time span being analyzed.
If, unknown to us, the bias changed over time (because of changes in the regional
distribution of temperatures),
then the change in bias is incorporated into the
estimate of the «trend».
Because these independent proxy
estimates of MAT are statistically indistinguishable from each other (Table 1), we combined all of the
estimates into a joint
distribution that was
then resampled using a bootstrap technique (see Appendix).
If you
then have evidence that includes (1) a shift in the central tendency and (2) increasingly frequent observations of events going over x sigma, over some decent sample of space or time or both and based on the best
estimated shape of the original
distribution,
then it is at the very least, reasonable to assume that the former tails have shifted + / - in concert with the rest of the
distribution; that is to say, the entire original
distribution has shifted.
In our
estimate, we hypothesized a wartime changeover to about 75 % engine inlet, with business as usual after the war,
then gradually going to the 1970
distribution of Kent et al 2007.
If the outcome did not have a normal
distribution,
then the parameter
estimates of the covariance matrix were computed with robust statistics.