If the CAD goes up by exactly the amount that FX forwards suggest it should,
then the tracking error should be extremely small, amounting to essentially the transaction costs of FX forwards, which are tiny.
If that's true,
then some tracking error is inevitable since currency futures only trade in discrete currency amounts.
If a manager tracks a benchmark closely,
then tracking error will be low.
If a manager tracks a benchmark perfectly,
then tracking error will be zero.
Not exact matches
The researchers
then confirmed that the number of singly paired chromosomes — also called univalents — was higher in older mouse and even human egg cells, indicating that age - related segregation
errors could be
tracked back to increased numbers of prematurely separated chromosome pairs.
But
then there are foreign exchange rate fluctuations, withholding taxes, sampling
errors etc. that could make the
tracking errors worse (or better).
So..., if the CS$ might appreciate against the US$ over the next year or two (as occurred not too long ago),
then XSP would do better in proportion to IVV (notwithstanding the MER and
tracking error issues).
Since
then, the
tracking errors shown by these funds are simply atrocious.
For BMO funds, you can visit the web page for the individual ETF, click the Prices & Performance tab, and
then click
Tracking Error Chart.
The measure of success,
then, is low
tracking error.
I expect a fund to trail its index by an amount equal to its management fee, but if the
tracking error is more than that,
then revenue from securities lending might be used to close that gap.
The managers
then construct a portfolio that uses the type of constituents of a benchmark (such as style, leverage, momentum or market cap) to create a portfolio that will have a
tracking error that closely adheres to the benchmark.
The verdict on currency - hedging
then (based on an admittedly short history of just 6 years) is clear: Long - term investors are highly unlikely to profit from hedging their currency exposure because currency effects have to overcome significantly large
tracking errors simply to break even.
I'm thinking (and I want to see more data over time) that if you hold these ETFs for a long time
then hopefully the
tracking errors might balance out and you will end up with a return that reflects the index return minus the MER like XIC did over the 6 years it's been around.
If its supposed to deliver 0.07 %
tracking error plus automatically reinvested dividends,
then there is a problem because it is constantly trailing the index.
When you purchase much lower cost index investor funds,
then expect to get exchange traded funds (ETF) and mutual fund performance returns that target the underlying index less the much lower costs you pay and a relatively small
error in
tracking the index.
The C$ appreciated at an annualized 1.05 % against the USD but the
tracking error of XSP wiped out all of the gains and
then some.
If it buys fewer stocks in order to just represent the index,
then it can become more vulnerable to
tracking error.
When you purchase lowest cost index investing funds,
then expect to get ETF and investment fund performance outcomes that target the underlying index minus the low costs you pay and a relatively small
error in
tracking the index.
And
then we will short or we will sell $ 0.90 worth of the stocks we like the least, so we have a 90 long, 90 short, long short overlay on top of the dollar in the S&P, but we do some things to mitigate because obviously if we are going to zig and zag too much, we want to have
tracking error but positive
tracking error.
I was running well, but
then it began to rain, a scray proposition on a
track where there is almost zero room for
error.
Since
then the data seems to
track about 1/2 the
error band below the best model.
If you would like your modeling result to be taken seriously as a guide to future planning (I don't mean to presume to know your motives),
then keep
track of the squared prediction
error, the sum of the squared prediction
errors (CUSUM), and the square root of the mean prediction
error (RMSE) over the next 20 years.
When modelers show what criteria each of their models are designed to forecast over what timescales, and within what margin of
error, AND their models have shown a
track record of reasonably accurately matching observed conditions;
then I will believe the model that has demonstrated such performance is worthy of consideration for formation of government policy.
The only change since
then is that the evidence for human - caused climate change has become even more overwhelming, though there are still plenty of people who combine global warming denialism (or a long
track record of denialism, with no admission of
error) with the claim that «nuclear power is the only solution to climate change.»
After uploading an album to OneDrive and
then downloading one
track to Groove, the rest of that album's
tracks will now be downloaded to Groove from OneDrive without a usage rights
error
Developed an efficient way to
track control
errors and
then find ways to correct those
errors quickly.