Furthermore, the team tested
the theory against observations of NASA's 34 - year - old Pioneer 10 spacecraft, which appears about 400,000 kilometres away from its expected location in the outer solar system.
The 100 stories here capture scientific curiosity in all its stages: provocative early results, long - sought confirmations, and many steps in the iterative process of testing
theory against observation and vice versa.
Look at observations, make up theories, test
theories against observations and experimentation, adjust theory, test, etc etc..
Not exact matches
Induction has been accused of many shortcomings, but the common denominator of the various criticisms leveled
against it, from Popper to Kuhn to Feyerabend, is that belief in induction is responsible for a naive empiricism which views science as based on uninterpreted
observation and direct verification of
theories by the «facts.»
Scientific models lead to
theories which can be tested
against observations.
It is a fundamental requirement of scientific method that all hypotheses and
theories must be tested
against observations of the natural world, rather than resting solely on a priori reasoning, intuition, or revelation.
The universe is home to countless galaxies more massive than the Milky Way, which should, in
theory, be bursting with star formation, but they aren't — an
observation that goes
against most current models of the universe and star formation.
Again, that's central to the purpose of the scientific enterprise: we refine and improve our
theories for a set of
observations by proposing multiple
theories and setting one
against the other.
If it does not, throw it out, construct a new
theory and test that one
against the
observations (basic scientific method).
This mere speculation (or near
theory) is untested
against validated methods and verified
observation in the real world, it is only tested in a poorly made computer generated virtual world.
Models, like all scientific
theory, have to be tested
against real - world
observations.
We have this fun little system called the scientific method by which
theories are supposed to make predictions that actually come to fruition, tested
against observation and then maybe its legitimized.
When so many different arguments support and no
observations or plausible arguments speak
against the understanding, it's natural that essentially every scientist of applicable specialization agrees that the
theory of radiative energy transfer is correct including people like Lindzen and Spencer.
As with everything in science, you have a
theory / model from which you make predictions, then check it
against observations.
In my experience, when scientists have a
theory which they believe to have a lot of predictive power and only a few obvious numbers of practical importance to test it
against, they look intensely for less obvious practically unimportant
observations to test it
against.
Many of the greatest scientists fought
against the tide of accepted wisdom until their
observations, experiments, arguments and
theories were accepted and, in turn, became the consensus.