Twelve patients, about half of them women, will take part in Britain's second gene
therapy trial which began last week at two centres in Oxford and Cambridge.
Not exact matches
On the logistics end, it is easier to manufacture certain stem - cell
therapies,
which will be key for human
trials like the heart - muscle - regeneration program.
Amgen unveiled some promising news during the American Heart Association's annual meeting involving its next - gen cholesterol - busting medication Repatha,
which has been shown to significantly reduce the level of «bad» cholesterol in patients, announcing that more than 60 % of patients who were receiving the
therapy in a
trial had a reduction in arterial plaque.
The idea for the database is to create a single repository for both patients» clinical
trial data and the genetic specifics of their cancers, including
which therapies they've been given and how effective they were.
In May, Kite disclosed that one person had died in a clinical
trial for its late - stage CAR - T
therapy from cerebral edema, a condition in
which excessive fluid causes the brain to swell.
These risks and uncertainties include: Gilead's ability to achieve its anticipated full year 2018 financial results; Gilead's ability to sustain growth in revenues for its antiviral and other programs; the risk that private and public payers may be reluctant to provide, or continue to provide, coverage or reimbursement for new products, including Vosevi, Yescarta, Epclusa, Harvoni, Genvoya, Odefsey, Descovy, Biktarvy and Vemlidy ®; austerity measures in European countries that may increase the amount of discount required on Gilead's products; an increase in discounts, chargebacks and rebates due to ongoing contracts and future negotiations with commercial and government payers; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments and geographic regions and decreases in treatment duration; availability of funding for state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs); continued fluctuations in ADAP purchases driven by federal and state grant cycles
which may not mirror patient demand and may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction of generic versions of Viread and Truvada, an uncertain global macroeconomic environment; and potential amendments to the Affordable Care Act or other government action that could have the effect of lowering prices or reducing the number of insured patients; the possibility of unfavorable results from clinical
trials involving investigational compounds; Gilead's ability to initiate clinical
trials in its currently anticipated timeframes; the levels of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers
which may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; Kite's ability to develop and commercialize cell
therapies utilizing the zinc finger nuclease technology platform and realize the benefits of the Sangamo partnership; Gilead's ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates in the timelines currently anticipated; Gilead's ability to receive regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, for new and current products, including Biktarvy; Gilead's ability to successfully commercialize its products, including Biktarvy; the risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages of these products over other
therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products; Gilead's ability to successfully develop its hematology / oncology and inflammation / respiratory programs; safety and efficacy data from clinical studies may not warrant further development of Gilead's product candidates, including GS - 9620 and Yescarta in combination with Pfizer's utomilumab; Gilead's ability to pay dividends or complete its share repurchase program due to changes in its stock price, corporate or other market conditions; fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate of the U.S. dollar that may cause an unfavorable foreign currency exchange impact on Gilead's future revenues and pre-tax earnings; and other risks identified from time to time in Gilead's reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).
Dr. Newman added that rival CAR T cell
therapy developer Kite Pharma was still likelier to generate more revenue than Juno with KTE - C19,
which last week completed patient enrollment in the Phase II portion of the ZUMA - 1
trial in patients with diffuse large B - cell lymphoma.
Revenue from selling Celgene's
therapies will fund the company's late - stage pipeline,
which boasts three new cancer
therapy candidates in pivotal
trials.
• A Randomised Controlled
Trial in
which depressed pregnant women received twice weekly massage
therapy from their partners found those who received the massage reporting less depressed mood, anxiety and anger and better relationship quality than women in the control group (Field et al, 2008).
«There are currently no
therapies which successfully reverse the damage seen in the more than 12,000 individuals who suffer a spinal cord injury each year in the United States alone,» says Dr. Richard G. Fessler, professor of neurological surgery at Rush University Medical Center and principal investigator for the Phase 1 clinical
trial involving AST - OPC1 (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells).
The
trial he conducted tested the safety of a
therapy for ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency, a rare disorder in
which the liver lacks a functional copy of the OTC gene.
Strikingly, the treatment approach didn't make a difference to 10 - year survival: Ninety - nine percent of the more than 1600 men in the
trial were alive after a decade, whether they had initially received radical surgery, radiation, or active monitoring,
which meant no immediate
therapy, but intervention as needed.
The Phase I clinical
trial of OMP - 54F28 (FZD8 - Fc) is an open - label dose escalation study in patients with advanced solid tumors for
which there was no remaining standard curative
therapy.
It typically takes many years to initiate such
trials because of the stringent safety testing that must be done before testing in humans begins, but Reynolds said it may be possible to move faster as the
therapy only involves modifying a patient's dietary intake and supplementing with a medium - chain triglyceride oil, both of
which have no known side effects.
One clinical
trial involves the drug CGF166, a one - time gene
therapy,
which, if proven successful in humans, could regenerate new hair cells within the cochlea that can signal the part of the brain that processes sound.
Another candidate, AVXS - 101 (AveXis), is a gene
therapy approach to increase SMN levels,
which is in Phase I clinical
trials.
Pain
therapies are highly subject to placebo effects,
which often boost initial results and then whither away during later
trials.
The experimental
therapy,
which involves administering a drug currently used in cancer
therapy trials, treats cocaine addiction by inhibiting memories responsible for cravings.
He was catching potential investors at an inauspicious time: Many were smarting from disappointing
trials of RNA interference
therapies,
which use short, double - stranded RNA to disrupt the production of disease - causing proteins.
Many point to the Jesse Gelsinger case, in
which a teenager died during a gene
therapy clinical
trial.
He added: «The most difficult decision was whether or not to have a period of initial triple
therapy after stent implantation, given the findings of the WOEST
trial which implied an adverse effect of triple
therapy on bleeding and death.
The endpoint is a proof - of - mechanism clinical
trial, after
which Pfizer has the first option to develop the potential
therapy.
Meanwhile, his research teams are moving several other novel
therapies toward clinical
trials, each of
which has potential for use in the synergistic model of cancer treatment that Black believes will offer the best hope for his patients.
The
trial investigated the drug in two separate cohorts of patients: Cohort A,
which included 170 patients with heavily pretreated metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC) regardless of PD - L1 expression, and Cohort B,
which included 52 patients with PD - L1 - positive tumors who received it as first - line
therapy.
The proposed clinical
trial, in
which researchers would use CRISPR to engineer immune cells to fight cancer, won approval from the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) at the U.S. National Institutes of Health, a panel that has traditionally vetted the safety and ethics of gene
therapy trials funded by the U.S. government and others.
ACT,
which has almost gone under several times in recent years, may now be on the verge of conducting the nation's first
trial of an embryonic stem cell
therapy, says Chief Scientific Officer Robert Lanza.
After seeing promising results in phase 1 of the Pediatric Leukemia Adoptive
Therapy (PLAT - 02) trial with 93 percent of patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) achieving complete initial remission, researchers at Seattle Children's are continuing their quest to improve the experimental therapy and reduce the rate of relapse, which is about 50 p
Therapy (PLAT - 02)
trial with 93 percent of patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) achieving complete initial remission, researchers at Seattle Children's are continuing their quest to improve the experimental
therapy and reduce the rate of relapse, which is about 50 p
therapy and reduce the rate of relapse,
which is about 50 percent.
The lab is also working with the Breast Oncology Program at UCSF to make this data part of an adaptive clinical
trial called I - SPY,
which lets researchers identify the most effective
therapies based on patient molecular profiling, and is collaborating with members of the UCSF Institute for Computational Health Sciences (ICHS) to put these and other public data into a centralized database that clinicians can access through an app to help make the most appropriate treatment decisions.
Most gene -
therapy trials use viruses to deliver genes to a patient's cells, and most of those viruses are retroviruses,
which have the ability to neatly splice their genes — and the human gene they're carrying — into a cell's chromosomes.
«The good news is that this finding predicts that patients missing either gene should be sensitive to new
therapies targeting focal adhesion enzymes,
which are currently being tested in early - stage clinical
trials,» says Shaw, who is also a member of the Moores Cancer Center and an adjunct professor at the University of California, San Diego.
Commenting on the
trial, Dr Alice Shaw, director of thoracic oncology at the Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Centre in Boston, US, said: «This is the first randomised study to examine how a second generation ALK inhibitor compares to standard second line chemotherapy in ALK positive patients who failed the standard first line
therapy,
which currently is crizotinib.»
At a meeting last week of the International Society for Biological
Therapy of Cancer in San Diego, California, Oncolytics Biotech of Calgary in Alberta, Canada, reported positive results from two
trials of its drug Reolysin,
which contains reovirus.
Dr. Levine directs the Clinical Cell and Vaccine Production Facility (CVPF),
which develops, manufactures, and tests novel cell and gene
therapies in clinical
trials at Penn and collaborating institutions.
The FDA's medical reviewer's recommendation for approval says, in part, that more
trials before approval would «significantly delay effective
therapy,»
which not only reduces body weight but exerts favorable effects on blood pressure and myocardial oxygen for «patients with a serious disease condition with few treatment options.»
The phase II
trial,
which involves 28 kids from 16 countries, is the first to evaluate a
therapy in humans against this disease.
The objective of the «SOSTA - net
Trial,» led by Christine Freitag and coordinated by Hannah Cholemkery and in
which six university hospitals in Germany participated, was to examine whether the social responsiveness of children and adolescents with ASD could be raised by means of group - based behavioural
therapy.
Over the past two years, investigators from the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania have reported results from a human
trial in GBM using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell
therapy, through
which patients» own T cells were engineered to track down and kill cancer cells that express a tumor - specific protein known as EGFRvIII.
He says that if future
trials are successful, the experimental vaccine,
which can be made relatively quickly and cheaply, could become a short - term
therapy administered immediately after diagnosis to try to keep tumors in check.
All patients also received standard medical
therapy throughout the
trial,
which in a vast majority of cases included treatment with statins or other cholesterol - lowering drugs.
The LCA2
trials are a rare success for the field of gene
therapy,
which has also cured children with the immune disorder known as bubble boy disease.
The Phase 2
trial —
which will test an existing anti-inflammatory's ability to block inflammation and pyroptosis in HIV - infected people — promises to validate a variety of expected advantages to this
therapy.
The small feasibility
trial,
which involved 12 people with treatment - resistant depression, found that psilocybin was safe and well - tolerated and that, when given alongside supportive
therapy, helped reduce symptoms of depression in about half of the participants at 3 months post-treatment.
Formerly a research leader at CHOP, High pursued groundbreaking preclinical investigations in hemophilia B gene
therapy and provided scientific expertise to previous gene
therapy trials in hemophilia and other genetic disorders at CHOP before moving to Spark Therapeutics,
which was spun off from CHOP in 2013.
The results drew attention in part because they come from the lab of James Wilson at the University of Pennsylvania, who led a 1999
trial in
which a teenager died from an immune reaction to a different gene
therapy vector.
Stricter safety procedures and new ways to weaken pathogens to reduce their risks are leading investigators in industry, universities, and government to take a new look at human challenge
trials,
which offer a powerful tool for studying diseases and potential
therapies.
Women were not included in the first
trial of gene
therapy,
which was mainly concerned with proving the safety of the technique.
His story inspired a book, The Forever Fix,
which heralded the LCA
trials as part of the wave of successes for gene
therapy,
which was recovering from several setbacks — including the death of a patient and cancer in others — in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Spark Therapeutics in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
which is testing the Bennett group's
therapy in a phase III clinical
trial needed to seek regulatory approval, also maintains that the NEJM results may not be relevant to their product.
Gene
therapy experts are heartened by the new results,
which may counteract a wave of negative publicity after the death last year of a volunteer in a gene
therapy trial at the University of Pennsylvania (ScienceNOW, 9 December 1999).
But many projects come under public and federal scrutiny — the recent fracas over gene
therapy trials is a case in point (Science, 24 March, p. 2163), often because the manner in
which they were conducted led to concerns over the safety of the recruited participants or the protection of their confidentiality.