There is good evidence, too, that the ability to reason scientifically — by testing hypotheses through well - controlled experiments — is a strong
predictor of later
success in the sciences and that this skill can be developed through programmes that allow pupils to design experiments that require them to control variables.
High expressed emotion (EE) refers to affective attitudes and behaviors toward patients characterized by critical comments, hostility, and emotional over involvement (EOI).3 The construct has traditionally been applied to the study
of familial relationships, and it is well established that levels
of familial EE are significant
predictors of outcome across a range
of psychiatric and physical health conditions.4 A substantial body
of this research has been carried out with people with a diagnosis
of schizophrenia, and
there is strong evidence that those living in high EE environments have a much higher risk
of relapse than those living in low EE environments.5 The
success of family intervention studies aiming to reduce high EE and relapses add to the support for a causal relationship.6, 7