It is hypothesized that chronic ingestion of a high - carbohydrate diet promotes obesity and increases the demand on β - cells for insulin secretion,
thereby predisposing individuals to hyperinsulinemia, apoptosis, β - cell failure, and development of type 2 diabetes (21).
Genetic factors can contribute to the degree of longevity in at least two important ways: An
individual may inherit certain genetic variations that
predispose him or her to disease that decreases longevity; other gene variants may confer disease resistance,
thereby increasing it.