This quick - start capability confers wind farms a decided advantage over
thermal coal and natural gas — fired power plants when it comes to balancing electricity supply and demand.
Already cost - competitive with
thermal coal and natural gas power generation — not to mention its numerous other often ignored and unaccounted for social and ecological benefits and cost savings, which are substantial — GE's looking to drive the cost of wind energy down further, pushing the envelope outward by incorporating «industrial Internet» capabilities and short - term, grid - scale power storage in the Brilliant 1.6 - 100 systems platform.
Not exact matches
Admittedly we are a net importer of oil (increasingly so as Bass Strait reserves diminish), but Australian entities make large exports of
natural gas and thermal coal, whose prices are highly correlated with oil prices over time.
This risk factor pushes the «levelized» or all - in price of nuclear power from new units to 8.4 cents per kilowatt - hour, the MIT study concludes, versus 6.2 cents for
coal - fired plants
and 6.5 cents for
natural gas generation (if
gas is priced at $ 7 per million British
thermal units, or roughly 1,000 cubic feet of flowing
gas).
Thermal power plants — those that consume
coal, oil,
natural gas or uranium — generate more than 90 percent of U.S. electricity,
and they are water hogs.
Although solar
thermal collectors are better than photovoltaic panels or wind turbines at generating reliable power around the clock, solar
thermal power is also expensive; at present energy costs, it would require government subsidies to compete with
coal and natural gas, which can generate electricity much more cheaply.
Sherritt International Corp., symbol S on Toronto, is a diversified
natural - resource company that produces nickel, cobalt,
thermal coal, oil
and gas.
Use of local renewable energy resources to displace
coal, diesel
and natural gas thermal power generation
The colored bands represent the range of warming outcomes spanned by high
and low life - cycle estimates for the energy technologies illustrated: (A)
natural gas, (B)
coal with carbon capture
and storage, (C) hydroelectric, (D) solar
thermal, (E) nuclear, (F) solar photovoltaic
and (G) wind.
At present, Queensland is building Liquid
Natural Gas (LNG)
and thermal coal export facilities along its ecologically valuable coastline.
In the United States,
coal resources are larger than remaining
natural gas and oil resources, based on total British
thermal units (Btus).
Competition between
natural gas and coal for electric power generation drove price declines in the Appalachian
and Powder River Basins (PRB), two key sources for
thermal coal, through the summer.
If
coal and lignite (as well as more expensive
natural gas) prevail as next - generation heating fuels, then co-generation will be included into the new plants to increase overall revenues from the same
thermal energy.
In contrast, fossil fuels can have a significant impact on water resources: both
coal mining
and natural gas drilling can pollute sources of drinking water,
and all
thermal power plants, including those powered by
coal,
gas,
and oil, withdraw
and consume water for cooling.
Skeptical Science notes that when the
coal externalities of the study are included in
coal's price, it increases the levalized costs to approximately 28 cents per kWh, which is more than the 2009 U.S. Energy Information Administration cost of hydroelectric, wind (onshore
and offshore), geothermal, biomass, nuclear,
natural gas,
and solar photovoltaics,
and is on par with solar
thermal, although the costs of solar
thermal are falling.
Gerard cited calculations by the federal government's Energy Information Administration that found the subsidies for solar energy totaling about $ 2.82 per million British
thermal units, compared with $ 1.35 for refined
coal and 3 cents for
natural gas and petroleum.
ENERGY OVERVIEW Energy Minister: Ernesto Martens Rebolledo Head of PEMEX: Raul Munoz Leos Proven Oil Reserves (1 / 1 / 03E): 12.6 billion barrels (see Reserves
and Production) Oil Production (2002E): 3.6 million barrels per day (bbl / d), of which 3.18 million bbl / d was crude Oil Consumption (2002E): 1.93 million bbl / d Net Oil Exports (2002E): 1.68 million bbl / d Crude Oil Refining Capacity (1 / 1 / 03E): 1.7 million bbl / d
Natural Gas Reserves (1 / 1 / 03E): 8.8 trillion cubic feet (Tcf)(see Reserves
and Production)
Natural Gas Production (2000E): 1.33 Tcf
Natural Gas Consumption (2000E): 1.38 Tcf Recoverable
Coal Reserves (2000E): 1.3 billion short tons
Coal Production (2000E): 10.86 million short tons
Coal Consumption (2000E): 13.41 million short tons Net
Coal Imports (2000E): 2.55 million short tons Electric Generation Capacity (2000E): 38.9 million kilowatts Net Electricity Generation (2000E): 194.37 billion kilowatthours (bkwh); 74 %
thermal, 18 % hydro, 5 % nuclear, 3 % other Net Electricity Consumption (2000E): 182.8 bkwh Net Electricity Imports (2000E): 2.07 bkwh
Commentators who predict a surge in
natural gas demand from electric utilities likewise overlook the scope that power producers have to switch between
coal and natural gas at their plants, depending on which
thermal fuel offers the best economics.
The U.S. Energy Information Administration includes the following in U.S. primary energy production:
coal production, waste
coal supplied,
and coal refuse recovery; crude oil
and lease condensate production;
natural gas plant liquids production; dry
natural gas excluding supplemental gaseous fuels production; nuclear electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the nuclear plant heat rates); conventional hydroelectricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates); geothermal electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates),
and geothermal heat pump energy
and geothermal direct use energy; solar
thermal and photovoltaic electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates),
and solar
thermal direct use energy; wind electricity net generation (converted to Btu using the fossil - fuels plant heat rates); wood
and wood - derived fuels consumption; biomass waste consumption;
and biofuels feedstock.
Skilled senior manager with diverse experience in
coal, oil,
natural gas, solar - PV, solar -
thermal,
and nuclear power generation, as well as mineral mining
and separation projects.