«This is the first - ever such survey in the Northwest Passage, and we were surprised to find this much
thick ice in the region in late winter, despite the fact that there is more and more open water in recent years during late summer,» says Haas.
This suggests delayed ice retreat due to
thicker ice in the region.
Not exact matches
Data reported by NASA's New Horizons New Horizons mission to the Pluto system shows unusual terrain
in this
region, which features a large deposit of nitrogen
ice with a pattern of polygons that are
thickest at their centers and dip at their edges.
There are several habitats once thought to be inhospitable to even the world's most adaptable organisms — places like the core of Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest
region on Earth;
ice sheet plateaus
in Greenland that are 10,000 feet
thick; and near hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor with temperatures above 750 degrees Fahrenheit, to name a few.
«The upper haze is so optically pretty
thick that it is only
in the stormy
regions where the haze is penetrated by powerful updrafts that you can see evidence for the ammonia
ice and the water
ice.
Scientists think that
in the «heart»
region of Pluto (otherwise known as Sputnik Planum), water
ice bedrock might be hidden underneath a
thick blanket of other
ices made of methane, nitrogen and carbon monoxide.
The
thick durable sea
ice that routinely cloaked much of the Arctic Ocean
in colder decades
in the 20th century is increasingly relegated to a few clotted places along northern Canada and Greenland, according to the latest satellite analysis of the warming
region.
This is what may have contributed
in part to lingering
ice in this
region as a result of
thicker first - year
ice (due to a more severe winter and higher winter
ice growth) as well.
This
thicker multiyear
ice takes longer to melt back (both because of greater thickness and higher albedo than first - year
ice) and so
in conjunction with the weather it is responsible for more extensive
ice in the late summer
in this
region.
(Keep
in mind that almost all Arctic sea
ice researchers add a big caveat when talking of an «
ice - free Arctic Ocean,» noting that a big
region of
thick floes north and west of Greenland will almost surely persist
in summers through this century, which is one reason some scientists have proposed targeting polar bear conservation efforts there.)
This has been obvious this year
in the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas where you had a stretch of
thicker sea
ice linger well into summer (
in fact, some of the
ice remnants — though rotten — still show up
in the satellite data from the
region).
The fate of sea
ice in the Arctic Ocean is determined by a complicated mix of factors, including the pressure changes, with the biggest loss of old
thick ice resulting more from a great «flush» of floes than melting, Dr. Rigor and many other scientists tracking the
region say.
Relatively large expanses of older, multiyear
ice were observed
in the Beaufort Sea with a modal thickness around 3.6 m, which was also somewhat
thicker than has been observed
in this
region recently.
When sub-freezing winds removed much of the
thick Arctic
ice from this
region in the 1990s when Arctic Oscillation shifted, walrus rapidly exploited the
region's resources and over 120,000 walruses hauled around Wrangel Island.
The total area covered by
thick older
ice that survives one or more summers («multi-year
ice») shrank 42 percent or 1.54 million square kilometers (595,000 square miles), leaving thinner first - year
ice («seasonal
ice») as the dominant type of
ice in the
region.
For example, if warming continued into the mid-21st century, they proposed, bears
in the Central Canadian Archipelago, the Arctic Basin and East Greenland («Archipelago» and «Convergent»
ice regions, gold and blue on the map) would likely do better because
thick, multiyear
ice would be replaced by first year
ice.
Buoys show this
ice moving into the East Siberian Sea, lending some support to the notion of
thicker, more enduring
ice in this
region.
Aerial thickness surveys and ground - based sampling
in the western Beaufort and eastern Chukchi Sea
in April this year indicate that level
ice in the
region is well over 3 m
thick and strong (due to low salt content; www.sizonet.org).
Furthermore, while the melting of floating sea
ice does not directly affect sea level, the extra heat
in the
region is accelerating the melting of the Greenland
ice sheet, a massive body of
ice 3 kilometers
thick.
Once the
ice barrier at the top of the strait gives way,
ice from the Arctic Ocean can spill over into this
region, affecting navigation, but also providing a mechanism to reduce
ice concentrations
in an area of very
thick ice in the high Arctic.
«This is not a case of
thicker ice appearing
in one
region simultaneously with thinner
ice appearing
in another, induced perhaps by a change
in surface winds or other transient conditions,» Dr. Rothrock said, noting that the decrease was widespread
in the central Arctic Ocean, and most pronounced
in the eastern Arctic.
* Ironically, global warming seems to be causing more precipitation
in the
region, leading to
thicker ice.
In this
region, level first - year
ice was below 1 m
thick with ponds deep or melted through.
Driven primarily by atmospheric stresses, these
ice bridges are formed when sufficiently
thick ice «jams» during the course of its flow between land masses, resulting
in a
region of stationary compacted
ice that is separated from a
region of flowing open water (a polynya) by a static arch.