Sentences with phrase «thickness of the atmosphere»

Finally what it the mass relationship of super Earth to the thickness of its atmosphere in relation to a thick atmosphere?

A planet's gaseous atmosphere is the real greenhouse; a planet's warmth is trapped in proportion to the thickness of its atmosphere, almost regardless of its composition.

... interestingly in the grey gas case with no solar heating of the stratosphere, increasing the optical thickness of the atmosphere would result in an initial cooling of and in the vicinity of the skin layer (reduced OLR), and an initial radiative warming of the air just above the surface (increased backradiation)-- of course, the first of those dissappears at full equilibrium.

Or is the same net upward flux maitained by a larger T4grad when the thickness of the atmosphere is reduced?

Again, the contention is that rising CO2 causes water vapor to rain out at such a rate as to make optical thickness of the atmosphere in the IR constant.

Overnight cooling is confined to a shallow vertical thickness of the atmosphere and is aided by the dry atmosphere (less WV GHE) and dry / sandy soils.

He even calculated theoretically that the optical thickness of the atmosphere in the infrared should have a value of about 1.86.

The 2010 Miskolczi paper says: «The NOAA 61 - year dataset is used to demonstrate that the global average annual infrared optical thickness of the atmosphere has been unchanged for 61 years, with a value of 1.87.»

But the function we are interested in at the moment is the time function of Planck weighted global average optical thickness of atmosphere in the thermal IR and its trend over the last several decades.

Some path lengths are in the vicinity of a few cm while right next to that wavelength, the pathlength is longer than the thickness of the atmosphere.

And if, Jelbring's proposed thickness of the atmosphere involved, is greater than, the gas won't even be in contact with the upper surface anyway, it will be strictly confined to a height less than because that is the height where the absolute temperature, concentration, and pressure of the lapsed gas reaches zero.

But because of the thickness of the atmosphere, which is much more than a million molecules thick, it's not like that at all.

* By increasing CO2 concentrations, you increase the optical thickness of the atmosphere to thermal radiation.

Increase the optical thickness of the atmosphere and you raise the effective height from which radiation tends to escape the atmosphere without being re-absorbed.

A significant flux of solar radiation was found to penetrate the entire thickness of the atmosphere, with the amount at the ground 1.5 % of that incident on the top of the atmosphere.

Rather, the emission varies strongly with wavelength due to the optical thickness of the atmosphere at these various wavelengths.

And Miskolczi calculates the global average optical thickness of the atmosphere — without clouds — at 1.87.

The total optical thickness of the atmosphere is not just determined by water vapor and CO2.

But the term for how the surface radiance changes with optical thickness of the atmosphere has vanished.

It seems that a lot of people have embraced Miskolczi's theory because there is an interesting conclusion regarding total optical thickness of the atmosphere over time.

Miskolczi has done a calculation (under cloudless skies) of the total optical thickness of the atmosphere.

Not exact matches

His 25 - year - old Dobsonmeter calculated the thickness of the ozone layer by measuring ultraviolet radiation penetrating the atmosphere and it...

The BAS researchers were still using a 25 - year - old instrument to assess the thickness of the ozone layer by measuring ultraviolet radiation penetrating the atmosphere.

And despite the thickness of this alien atmosphere, Pierrehumbert and Gaidos calculate that enough sunlight would reach the planet's surface to foster photosynthesis.

Giant waves cause large - scale movement of particles in brown dwarfs» atmospheres, changing the thickness of the silicate clouds, researchers report in the journal Science.

The new results might even help earth scientists who seek to infer the thickness of Earth's ancient atmosphere based on the size of raindrop craters left in now - hardened volcanic ash.

Variations in the thickness of the layers is determined by a combination of the amount of water seeping into the cave and the concentration of carbon dioxide in the cave's atmosphere so, when conditions are right, they can provide a measure of how the amount of precipitation above the cave varies over time.

The amount of warming or cooling is heavily dependent on the height, thickness, and structure of clouds in the atmosphere above.

Depending on a planes altitude, and the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere, contrails may vary in their thickness, extent and duration.

At 30 microkelvins, the atmosphere would shrink to a mere millimeter, and at 30 nanokelvins, the height of the atmosphere would be one micron, or a hundred times less than the thickness of the human hair.

By measuring the size of the largest raindrop imprints (inset) in ash that solidified soon after an eruption 2.7 billion years ago (pocked slab, main image) and comparing them to the imprints made by drops of various sizes and momentums in lab tests, the team estimates that the density of Earth's oxygen - free atmosphere 2.7 billion years ago most likely ranged between 50 % and 108 % of today's air and was certainly less than twice its modern density — a thickness insufficient to offset the dimness of the sun at the time.

We should also expect that giant waves will propagate in their atmospheres (parallel with their equators) and that these waves will change the thickness of the clouds.

New observations of the TRAPPIST - 1 planets suggest they're mostly rocky, with atmospheres of varying thickness and possibly plenty of water (Credit: ESO / M.

Volume, in contrast, is crucial in determining the vulnerability of Arctic sea ice to rapid future reductions (since thin ice is much more prone to react strongly to a single warm summer, making single very - low sea - ice summers more likely), and the thickness of the ice determines the exchange of heat between ocean and atmosphere.

For example, the optical thickness of the CO2 in the atmosphere (if you see an error in this list of things independent of climate, see below), the incident solar radiation and it's distribution over time and space (latitude), variations in surface albedo between ocean, rock, vegetation, etc.).

Thus, adding absorption to some new band will initially tend to warm the colder upper atmosphere and radiatively cool the lower atmosphere and warm the surface (The forcing at any level will be positive, so the surface + troposphere will warm; if some of the increased flux escaping in parts of the spectrum where the abover layers have sufficiently small optical thickness, some of the upper - level cooling will persist.

Although I was previously aware that the atmosphere is akin to the thickness of a film of Saran Wrap relative to a basketball, I am not really sure what the «learning point» is?

Adding more optical thickness to the same band reduces OLR in that band, cooling at least some portion of the upper atmosphere up to the TOA level, and increases in OLR outside that band results in some portion of that cooling remaining at full equilibrium (as expained by Andy Lacis).

Radiative equilibrium at small LW optical thickness occurs when the whole atmosphere has a temperature such that the Planck function is about half of that of the surface (a skin temperature), whereas at larger LW optical thicknesses, the equilibrium profile has a signficant drop in the Planck function through the atmosphere, approaching half the OLR value at TOA and approaching the surface value towards the surface — of course, convection near the surface will bring a closer match between surface and surface - air temperatures.

dΦ = g * dz Z = Φ / g0, where g0 = 9.80665 m / s2 (Holton, «An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology», 1992, p. 20) dp = - ρ * g * dz σ = p / psurf, where psurf is the pressure at the underlying surface at a particular time (the thickness of the whole atmosphere in σ is always 1 everywhere at all times)

If the temperature doesn't decline with height in that layer (perhaps because of solar heating), it is still the case that increasing the LW optical thickness will, by concentrating the source of OLR into a yet thinner layer at the top of the atmosphere, remove some of the cooling of the lower part of the original OLR source (by adding additional downward LW flux from above, replacing the darkness of space), thus tending to cause warming there.

The ability of a band to shape the temperature profile of the whole atmosphere should tend to be maximum at intermediate optical thicknesses (for a given band width), because at small optical thicknesses, the amounts of emission and absorption within any layer will be small relative to what happens in other bands, while at large optical thicknesses, the net fluxes will tend to go to zero (except near TOA and, absent convection, the surface) and will be insensitive to changes in the temperature profile (except near TOA), thus allowing other bands greater control over the temperature profile (depending on wavelength — greater influence for bands with larger bandwidths at wavelengths closer to the peak wavelength — which will depend on temperature and thus vary with height.

Note that it is possible, hypothetically, to introduce so much optical thickness that the tropopause level or any level besides the very top of the atmosphere becomes saturated (zero net LW flux); however, the resulting climate response will tend to «unsaturate» the effect at some level (s)-- for example, by shifting the position of the tropopause so that convection balances solar heating where the net LW flux is zero and convection carries the heat to where a net LW flux can balance the convective heat delivery.

So yes, if the profile is originally controlled at sufficiently short wavelengths, introducing some optical thickness at sufficiently long wavelengths would tend to cool the entire atmosphere (above the tropopause, of course).

IF the atmosphere is optically thick, then most of the OLR is not coming from the surface, and in fact is coming from the upper atmosphere — in a region whose optical thickness is smaller than the total atmosphere (hence, «reduced»).

• If you picture the Earth as the size of a basketball, the thickness of the Earth's atmosphere, on the same scale, would be roughly 0.3 millimeters.

Within a continuum of material (ie not at TOA, but within the atmosphere), temperature generally varies continuously (at least if you are willing to use high enough resolution, so this should tend to apply to the surface as well), so a pair of oppositely directed fluxes will both eventually saturate, and at that point they will be the same, so that there is no net flux (assuming the optical thickness is also distributed continuously; net fluxes can persist where there is a transparent gap, for example (such as at TOA)-RRB-.

How many people have any concept regarding the thickness or thinness of our atmosphere?

Canadian Ice Service, 4.7, Multiple Methods As with CIS contributions in June 2009, 2010, and 2011, the 2012 forecast was derived using a combination of three methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter arctic ice thicknesses and extents, as well as an examination of Surface Air Temperature (SAT), Sea Level Pressure (SLP) and vector wind anomaly patterns and trends; 2) an experimental Optimal Filtering Based (OFB) Model, which uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate NSIDC's September Arctic Ice Extent time series into the future; and 3) an experimental Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.

Canadian Ice Service, 4.7 (+ / - 0.2), Heuristic / Statistical (same as June) The 2015 forecast was derived by considering a combination of methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter Arctic ice thickness extents, as well as winter Surface Air Temperature, Sea Level Pressure and vector wind anomaly patterns and trends; 2) a simple statistical method, Optimal Filtering Based Model (OFBM), that uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate the September sea ice extent timeseries into the future and 3) a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.