I think volcanic forcing is on a warming trend, because volcanic activity is weighted towards the beginning of the 30 year period.
Not exact matches
The driving
force behind Yellowstone's long and explosive
volcanic history may not be as deep as once
thought.
Volcanism is
thought to have made a comeback in the early 60s after 60 years of relative inactivity (at least as far as the
volcanic forcing is concerned).
@Richard Drake — I
think Steve should add the
volcanic forcings to GCM - Q, and use a skill measure which doesn't penalise the GCMs for having internal variability.
Volcanic eruptions caused some large short - term negative
forcings (according to GISS, that is — I
think they were actually much smaller) but had no overall effect.
Matthew — I
think it's still conjectural to what extent the hiatus has resulted from internal cooling vs negative
forcing influences of
volcanic aerosols and changes in solar irradiance — it may well be a mixture of both.
The most likely candidate for that climatic variable
force that comes to mind is solar variability (because I can
think of no other
force that can change or reverse in a different trend often enough, and quick enough to account for the historical climatic record) and the primary and secondary effects associated with this solar variability which I feel are a significant player in glacial / inter-glacial cycles, counter climatic trends when taken into consideration with these factors which are, land / ocean arrangements, mean land elevation, mean magnetic field strength of the earth (magnetic excursions), the mean state of the climate (average global temperature), the initial state of the earth's climate (how close to interglacial - glacial threshold condition it is) the state of random terrestrial (violent
volcanic eruption, or a random atmospheric circulation / oceanic pattern that feeds upon itself possibly) / extra terrestrial events (super-nova in vicinity of earth or a random impact) along with Milankovitch Cycles.
They
think that the only way for global - average temperatures to change is for the climate system to be
forced «externally»... by a change in the output of the sun, or by a large
volcanic eruption.
We do not know enough to determine under what circumstance CO2 is a
forcing or a feedback relative to temperature sometimes it maybe both sometimes over large areas it may even be a coolant e.g. if you
think it is the main driver (which I don't) you would have to say it acted as a coolant for several thousand years from the Holocene climate optimum to the LIA — see Fig 6 in the last post at http://climatesense-norpag.blogspot.com I quoted the end Permian Siberian traps as a possible example of CO2 as a
forcing but even here CO2 was rising rapidly before the
volcanic event.
I
think we can say that the response function represents the response to a step function doubling in concentration but working backwards from that to a response to a different
forcing profile (other than high frequency
volcanic forcing it has also been tuned to) may not be so easy.
It is
thought that solar
forcings played a role, and low levels of
volcanic activity may also have contributed.
Volcanic should be small, but I
think they've got the wrong VI
forcing for the Otto and Shindell studies — they made their own estimates of this
forcing, I believe.