Sentences with phrase «third of a standard deviation»

Rural students, who live in towns with fewer than 10,000 people, experience an increase in critical - thinking skills of nearly one - third of a standard deviation.

He compared this figure with Jeremy Finn and Charles Achilles's finding that attending a smaller class in the Tennessee STAR experiment raised reading scores for black 2nd graders by one - third of a standard deviation.

In other words, a student in a classroom that prohibits computers is on equal footing with a peer who is in a class that allows computers and whose GPA is one third of a standard deviation higher — nearly the difference between a B + and A - average.

Expanding school choice has been shown to improve achievement for minority students by about one - third of a standard deviation after a few years of intervention, according to seven of eight random - assignment evaluations (the eighth showed positive but statistically insignificant effects).

The famous Tennessee STAR random assignment study evaluated class size reduction, which also produced about a one - third of a standard deviation improvement in achievement for minority students.

These differences are even more pronounced in high - poverty schools, for which the gap between the 25th and 75th percentile principal is more than one - third of a standard deviation.

For the 11 schools with kindergarten readiness gaps of around 30 percentage points, test score gaps range from less than third of a standard deviation to over 1.5 standard deviations.

Furthermore, estimates from our equations show that modest increases in resources (of $ 500 - $ 750 per student) can lead to significant score gains (one - third of a standard deviation) among disadvantaged students.

If black students in the sample continue to lose ground through 9th grade at the rate experienced in the first two years of school, they will lag behind white students on average by a full standard deviation in raw math and reading scores and by more than two - thirds of a standard deviation in math even after controlling for observable characteristics (the gap would be substantially smaller in reading).

... The general effect size — even for poor children — ranges from one - fifth to one - third of a standard deviation.

In reading scores, two of the four within - cohort comparisons reveal a widening of the black - white gap as children move through school: between the 1st and 2nd grades, the gap grew one - third of a standard deviation larger, and another one - fifth of a standard deviation larger between grades 3 and 5.

21 Another study found voucher effects «that are large in magnitude and statistically significant (more than one - third of a standard deviation in test scores).»

When neither maternal grandparent has completed high school, children's scores on standardized assessments of math and reading achievement are one - quarter to one - third of a standard deviation lower compared with families where at least one grandparent finished high school.

Not exact matches

After the third longest bull market advance on record, fresh deterioration in key trend - following components within our measures of market internals (see Support Drops Away) recently joined this extended, overvalued, overbought, overbullish peak, even as the S&P 500 hovers at the top of its monthly Bollinger bands (two standard deviations above the 20 - period average) and cyclical momentum rolls over from a 9 - year high.

I assure you that there are still voters leaving Ohio State off their ballots entirely, including eight voters this week, but you wouldn't think that would be enough for the Bucks to enjoy more than double the standard deviation of the next closest team... until you learn that those eight non-votes are the third - largest group for Ohio State, which is only more frequently ranked No. 2 (13 ballots) and No. 5 (10 ballots).

Third, 52 MPs receive a budget for accommodation in their constituency, which varies between # 10,400 and # 18,625 (averaging # 13,300, standard deviation of # 2,600) depending on the constituency band and number of dependants (an extra allowance of # 2,425 is paid for each dependant).

They scale the gain in black students» scores by the standard deviation of test scores computed for a select sample of students, and observe that the gain in their scores due to attending private school is «roughly one - third of the test - score gap between blacks and whites nationwide.»

Teachers aren't trained to teach that once - in - a-blue-moon student; they're taught to accommodate the two - thirds of us who have IQs that fall between 85 and 115, or one standard deviation on either side of 100, the norm.

Incidentally, the typical relative growth from third to fifth grade in this set of heterogeneous schools is modestly negative (around 0.1 standard deviations).

[13] Our outcome of interest is the third or fifth - grade score on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT)[14] taken in the relevant year between 1999 and 2012, which we standardize statewide at the grade and year level to have a mean of zero and standard deviation of one.

As can be seen in Figure 2, the schools that have larger kindergarten readiness gaps also have larger test score gaps in third and fifth grades: as the kindergarten readiness gap increases by 10 percentage points, the test score gaps increase by around 0.06 of a standard deviation.

We observe that there is virtually no relationship between the relative affluence of the overall student body of the school and the SES test score gap in that school: schools serving primarily high - SES students and those serving primarily low - SES students have the same average SES test score gaps (around 0.8 standard deviations) in both third and fifth grades.

Among schools where high - SES students fall back around 0.2 standard deviations relative to the state average between third and fifth grades, there are some schools where low - SES students lose only around 0.1 standard deviation of relative ground, and others where low - SES students lose nearly 0.4 standard deviations of relative ground.

For example, first - year teaching fellows underperform traditionally certified teachers in their first year by 1 percent of a standard deviation in math, but third - year teaching fellows outperform third - year traditionally certified teachers by 2 percent of a standard deviation.

Given the same initial effectiveness as a traditionally certified teacher, an uncertified third - year teacher's students would score 3 percent of a standard deviation higher, on average, in math.

To put these units in context, the average middle school student gains about a quarter of a standard deviation per year; for elementary students, the average gain is between a third and a half of a standard deviation.

Similarly, a Chicago study of an intensive math - tutoring intervention with low - income minority students in 9th and 10th grades suggested impacts of 0.19 to 0.31 standard deviations — closing a quarter to a third of the achievement gap in one year.

It finds that the reform increased school - average student test performance by roughly a third of the school - level standard deviation.

An increase of one standard deviation in the level variable is associated with ratings that are almost one - third of a letter grade higher after taking into account other school characteristics.

On a composite measure of their responses, there was no evident change in teacher - reported support after year one of the SIG award, but by the second year, SIG teachers reported significant increases in support (0.26 standard deviations) that grew even greater by in the third year (0.41 standard deviations).

Indeed, the magnitude of that growth has been strikingly consistent across a number of sites and research methodologies: the average teacher's effectiveness improves between.05 and.08 student - level standard deviations between their first and third years of teaching.

We find positive effects on reading comprehension among third and fourth graders, with effect sizes of.21 to.29 standard deviations, but no effects for first and second graders.

When over 80 % of our children can not read proficiently by the third grade, it is a travesty of enormous proportions, particularly when compared with the TAKS reading test results (even after a significant standard deviation adjustment), their comparison with national norm - referenced test scores, and the wide gap between scores of white and minority children.

Scores for one group of students at Crescendo Charter Academy, in Gardena, jumped from the 40th percentile to the 94th statewide between third and fourth grades, a standard deviation of 3.4.

Further, using CREDO's days of learning conversion, this standard deviation unit decrease is the equivalent of losing 68 days of learning — more than one - third of an entire school year.57 This conversion assumes that students learn, on average, the equivalent of one - quarter of a standard deviation unit — 0.25 — per year.

The BXM returns were generated with a standard deviation of 9.29 %, two - thirds of the 13.89 % volatility of the S&P 500.

Exit when the price is moving rapidly into an overextended technical state, often identified by a series of vertical bars on the 60 - minute chart or price piercing the third or fourth standard deviation of a top or bottom 20 - day Bollinger Band.

About two thirds of all returns will fall within one standard deviation of the average, and 95 % will fall within two standard deviations.

Since 1996, the US CAPE ratio has been above its long - term simple average (16.6) 96 % of the time, and above 24, roughly one standard deviation above its historical norm, more than two - thirds of the time.

In particular, we find that the observationally informed warming projection for the end of the twenty - first century for the steepest radiative forcing scenario is about 15 per cent warmer (+0.5 degrees Celsius) with a reduction of about a third in the two - standard - deviation spread (− 1.2 degrees Celsius) relative to the raw model projections reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.»