Sentences with phrase «thorax safe sites»
There was no significant difference between the number of pollen grains of the head and thorax safe sites (caput: p > 0.2, Z = -1.1, thorax: p > 0.4, Z = -0.9)(Fig 2B, S2 Table).
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The area of each of the safe sites (areas with residual pollen) on the animals» body as well as the area of the whole insect body (exoskeleton including projecting bristles of caput = head, thorax and abdomen) was measured from the photos with the image processing software Fiji [44], calculating from the scale paper.
The safe sites comprised 24.5 % of the dorsal projection of the body in B. terrestris (caput: 13.4 %, thorax: 20.8 %, abdomen: 30.2 %) and 23.5 % in A. mellifera (caput: 9.7 %, thorax: 41.0 %, abdomen: 21.1 %)(S1 Table).
B. terrestris: overall view with arrow - shaped safe site on the thorax (A), safe site above the insertion of antennae on the head (B), dorsal thorax (triangular)(C, D), waist (E), abdomen (F, G), and ventral abdomen (H), A. mellifera: overall view with broad safe site on the thorax and narrow safe site on the abdomen (I), safe site between the eyes (J), dorsal thorax (K), waist (L), and abdomen (M), as well as ventral abdomen (N), dorsal thorax and abdominal safe site under full spectrum illumination (O) and UV - illumination (P).
In S. pratensis, 20 % of the safe site area on the bumblebees» thorax was contaminated by the pollen - sacs and 9 % by the stigmas.
Similar safe sites have been observed on Xylocopa sp. (dorsal thorax)[26], Megachile ericetorum (dorsal thorax)[48] and Euglossa imperialis (anterior face and between thorax and abdomen)[42](S6 Table).
Other safe sites were similar to B. terrestris between the thorax and abdomen, mainly the middle area of dorsal abdomen, and only few pollen grains were found on the legs and the ventral side (here mainly on the abdomen near the thorax side)(Fig 1I — 1N, S2 Video).
In both species, the head safe site was the smallest one (all p < 0.0001 according to Tukey post-hoc tests, except not significantly smaller than the thorax in B. terrestris: p = 0.057, Fig 2A).