Scientists across NOAA Fisheries are watching a persistent expanse of exceptionally warm water spanning the Gulf of Alaska that could send reverberations
through the marine food web.
«This can help us determine mechanisms that influence species composition in planktonic communities exposed to red tides, and suggests that these chemical cues could alter large - scale ecosystem phenomena, such as the funneling of material and energy
through marine food webs.»
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They are primitive, sessile, mostly
marine, waterdwelling filter feeders that pump water
through their matrix to filter out particulates of
food matter.
He runs
through a laundry list of factors that could amplify virus - driven disease mortality: fisheries shifting
food chains, global warming,
marine pollutant — triggered toxic algae blooms,
marine pollution in the form of chemical contaminants, and endocrine disruptors altering the host — pathogen balance.
The selective extinction of large - bodied animals could have serious consequences for the health of
marine ecosystems, the scientists say, because they tend to be at the tops of
food webs and their movements
through the water column and the seafloor help cycle nutrients
through the oceans.
Sharks are at the top of the ocean
food chain, Meyer noted, making them an important part of the
marine ecosystem, and knowing more about these fish helps scientists better understand the flow of energy
through the ocean.
«While the changing seascape has dramatically altered and increased the diversity and number of small creatures at the base of the
marine food web, we still don't know how these changes in the ecosystem will propagate
through the entire chain.
Phytoplankton play key roles in several chemical and nutrient cycles, including taking up carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and either cycling it
through food chains or sequestering it in the deep sea, says
marine ecologist David Hutchins of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles, who wasn't involved in the current study.
Consequently, in the past 20 years his research has evolved from an early focus on prioritizing the effects that humans have on coral reefs and the role that
marine protected areas play in conserving biological diversity and ecological processes, to developing theoretical and simulation models of coral reefs that will help predict and suggest alternatives to reduce detrimental effects, to developing practical means to restore degraded reefs
through manipulation of the
food web and management.
Abstract: Diverse and abundant,
marine invertebrates have essential roles in ocean ecosystems and provide vital
food and export resources for millions of people around the world
through small - scale artisanal to large - scale commercial fisheries.
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«What is important about this study is that while yes, whales eat fish (including baleen whales), whales enhance the production of fish by providing
through excretion the nutrients essential for phytoplankton growth at the base of the
food web,» said Jim Ruzicka from the Hatfield
Marine Science Center at the University of Oregon.
When fish and other
marine species mistake the plastic items for
food, they ingest the particles and pass toxic chemicals
through the
food chain and ultimately to our dinner plates.
Ocean acidification, rising ocean temperatures, declining sea ice, and other environmental changes interact to affect the location and abundance of
marine fish, including those that are commercially important, those used as
food by other species, and those used for subsistence.16, 17,18,122,19,20,21 These changes have allowed some near - surface fish species such as salmon to expand their ranges northward along the Alaskan coast.124, 125,126 In addition, non-native species are invading Alaskan waters more rapidly, primarily
through ships releasing ballast waters and bringing southerly species to Alaska.5, 127 These species introductions could affect
marine ecosystems, including the feeding relationships of fish important to commercial and subsistence fisheries.
Not only does this increasing acidity threaten the ocean
food chain by hampering the formation of shells and corals, it could also affect the communication of
marine mammals by changing the way sound travels
through the seawater.
This analytical report provides an overview of pathways
through which climate change impacts fisheries and
food security, placing these in context with the range of risks facing global
marine and freshwater fisheries.
This photo taken on September 22, 2014, shows fish swimming
through the coral on Australia's Great Barrier Reef (AFP Photo / William West) The world's oceans are teeming with life, but rising carbon dioxide emissions could cause a collapse in the
marine food chain from the top down, researchers in Australia said Monday.