Sentences with phrase «through observation and modelling»

This approach is consistent with social learning theory, in which it is proposed that children learn through observation and modelling.

«There are strong indications through observations and models that the ocean is absorbing more of the heat than it has in the recent past.»

Our understanding of the various feedbacks - and it is a very complex system - both through observations and modelling, suggests that we won't see those catastrophic changes, in terms of the physical system.

Not exact matches

The key challenge was to figure out what the right question was, and then to formulate a model that could both answer it theoretically and lead to predictions that would be testable through observations and experiments with real animals.

Using global climate models and NASA satellite observations of Earth's energy budget from the last 15 years, the study finds that a warming Earth is able to restore its temperature equilibrium through complex and seemingly paradoxical changes in the atmosphere and the way radiative heat is transported.

Observations and the high - resolution climate model CM2.6 show a strong relationship between a weakening Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and an increase in the proportion of warm - temperate slope water entering the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf, primarily through the Gulf of Maine's Northeast Channel.

There are some caveats with their study: The global climate models (GCMs) do not reproduce the 1930 - 1940 Arctic warm event very well, and the geographical differences in a limited number of grid - boxes in the observations and the GCMs may have been erased through taking the average value over the 90 - degree sectors.

This progress report details the status of these interrelated enhancements and the Large - Eddy Simulation (LES) ARM Symbiotic Simulation and Observation Workflow model implementation project (now midway through its two - year duration) at the Southern Great Plains site that is designed to bridge the scale gap between high - resolution ARM observations and large - scale climate models.

When combined with previous observations, new research with the Heterodyne Instrument for Planetary Wind And Composition (HIPWAC) joined to the large aperture of the Subaru telescope supports the model that Titan has currents or jet streams at high latitudes racing through its upper atmosphere (stratosphere) at speeds of approximately 756 km / hour (470 miles / hr.).

This new set of observations adds key information to the models needed to track how material moves and changes throughout space in the solar system — crucial to understanding the medium through which our spacecraft travel, as we venture farther and farther from home.

We were able to expose [our teachers] to different observation models, the purposes behind them, and we were able to gauge (through feedback) the preferred methods that teachers here had.

The student does not display active listening skills or is inattentive: In some cultures students are taught using hands on methods through modelling and observation.

In this theory, Bandura says that people learn behavior from their environment, through observation, imitation and modeling.

able to lead both by modeling outstanding practices in their own classrooms and by guiding other teachers through classroom observations and dialogue.

Only then will we be positioned to address the big questions and concerns facing the field, including that of «fade out» — the observation that positive effects of exposure to high - quality early education are not maintained through the school years — and those of scale, including what models work, for whom, and under what conditions.

In the coming months — through coaching, observation, and assessment — we will work to confirm this model is in place across the network and evaluate its effectiveness.

Where major components within an evaluation system are significantly misaligned, states should examine their systems and offer districts technical assistance where needed, whether through observation training or examining student growth models or calculations (p. 12 - 13).

«Our proposal focuses on collaboration and learning from excellence, and we have proposed a model of professional learning that makes it possible for teachers to learn from one another through observations, peer feedback and ongoing follow - up sessions.»

Their purpose is to provide direct instructional support to assigned teachers through classroom observation and feedback, data collection, model teaching, and coaching with the goal of teacher performance improvement.

The GOALS model is designed to capitalize on field experiences and to initiate and reinforce the professional development of individual teacher candidates through observation and collaboration with diverse master teachers.

My years with students, kindergarten through college, plus the additional time spent in observation, collaboration, and teaching model lessons with hundreds of teachers and thousands of students have provided me with the background and firsthand information to enable me to share my excitement for learning.

The direct instruction (DI) model proved to be eminently trainable to teachers under experimental conditions, effective in promoting student engagement in classroom tasks as demonstrated through classroom observations, and statistically significantly related to growth in pupil achievement as measured on standardized tests (Myer, 1988).

«TORSH Talent's video - based observation and feedback platform was selected by the PAC program through a competitive bid process as a means of enabling the state of MA to quickly and efficiently scale its peer coaching model across the state at a reasonable cost.

The paper argues that climate sensititvity to CO2 is much lower according to «observation» and that simplified «models» combining PDO and CO2 can «explain» most of 20th century warming through PDO - induced changes in cloud cover.

There are some caveats with their study: The global climate models (GCMs) do not reproduce the 1930 - 1940 Arctic warm event very well, and the geographical differences in a limited number of grid - boxes in the observations and the GCMs may have been erased through taking the average value over the 90 - degree sectors.

... a pronounced strengthening in Pacific trade winds over the past two decades — unprecedented in observations / reanalysis data and not captured by climate models — is sufficient to account for the cooling of the tropical Pacific and a substantial slowdown in surface warming through increased subsurface ocean heat uptake.

Abstract:... Here we show that a pronounced strengthening in Pacific trade winds over the past two decades — unprecedented in observations / reanalysis data and not captured by climate models — is sufficient to account for the cooling of the tropical Pacific and a substantial slowdown in surface warming through increased subsurface ocean heat uptake.

And he has an interesting take on the difference between «observational data» and «models» — basically, there's no clean distinction — models are empirical summaries of the observational data, and observations are processed through models before they become usable daAnd he has an interesting take on the difference between «observational data» and «models» — basically, there's no clean distinction — models are empirical summaries of the observational data, and observations are processed through models before they become usable daand «models» — basically, there's no clean distinction — models are empirical summaries of the observational data, and observations are processed through models before they become usable daand observations are processed through models before they become usable data.

The RF time series are linked to the observations of ocean heat content and temperature change through an energy balance model and a stochastic model, using a Bayesian approach to estimate the ECS from the data.

With a much - needed GRACE follow - on mission being planned and expected to launch around 2017, observation and modelling of Antarctic GIA will continue to give us insights into the ice sheet history — from the LGM through to the present — and hence provide the context for any future changes.

By constraining A through observations (grey bar), this example suggests that some models are more realistic (models 14 -15-17-18-22) and, by inference, provide more realistic future climate sensitivities.

He is in particular interested in how to optimize observational data usage in polar areas through model improvements, data assimilation method development and with novel observations.

Here a simple biologically and physically - based model of sapflow potential is used to assess observed changes in sapflow across the Northeastern US from 1980 to 2006; document the correspondence between these observations and independent downscaled atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of conditions during this period; and quantify changes in sapflow potential through 2100.

Descriptive physical oceanography seeks to research the ocean through observations and complex numerical models, which describe the fluid motions as precisely as possible.

And I would up that theoretical understanding — applied through modeling and corroborated by comparison to observations, is what we are striving for especially in regional applicatioAnd I would up that theoretical understanding — applied through modeling and corroborated by comparison to observations, is what we are striving for especially in regional applicatioand corroborated by comparison to observations, is what we are striving for especially in regional applications.

So the evidence comes from observations, through theoretical arguments about the greenhouse effect, and through models.

Over decades, improvements in observations of the present climate, reconstructions of ancient climate, and computer models that simulate past, current, and future climate have reduced some of the uncertainty in forecasting how rising temperatures will ripple through the climate system.

There have been many studies aiming to test this hypothesis since AR4, 50 which fall in two categories: i) studies that seek to establish a causal relationship between cosmic rays and 51 aerosols / clouds by looking at correlations between the two quantities on timescales of days to decades, and 52 ii) studies that test through observations or modelling one of the physical mechanisms that have been put 53 forward.

To describe and understand the physical processes responsible for climate variability and predictability on seasonal, interannual, decadal, and centennial time - scales, through the collection and analysis of observations and the development and application of models of the coupled climate system, in cooperation with other relevant climate - research and observing programmes.

There have been many studies aiming to test this hypothesis since AR4, which fall in two categories: i) studies that seek to establish a causal relationship between cosmic rays and aerosols / clouds by looking at correlations between the two quantities on timescales of days to decades, and studies that test through observations or modeling one of the physical mechanisms that have been put forward.

This project will advance our understanding of seasonal ice zone (SIZ) cloud - ice feedbacks and our ability to forecast SIZ weather and ice conditions through the combination of carefully designed model experiments, observations, and technology developments which are targeted to validate and improve the models.

All forcings taken together and run through the model are a very good match for the observations.

Since all climate models agree (possibly because of tuning) about the combined WV+LR feedback through clear skies (globally at least), the differences between models arises and between models and observations (globally at least) comes from OLR from cloudy skies.

The studies are accomplished through the use of observations and numerical models.

A review of observations, theory and modeling is presented to support the claim that strong anticyclonic relative vorticity can also lead to CAT through the generation of gravity wave activity by geostrophic adjustment and inertial instability.

However, a confident assessment of human influence on hurricanes will require further studies using models and observations, with emphasis on distinguishing natural from human - induced changes in hurricane activity through their influence on factors such as historical sea surface temperatures, wind shear, and atmospheric vertical stability.

Clement Kinney, J., W. Maslowski, Y. Aksenov, B. de Cuevas, J. Jakacki, A. Nguyen, R. Osinski, M. Steele, R.A. Woodgate, and J. Zhang, On the flow through Bering Strait: A synthesis of model results and observations, Chapter 7, in The Pacific Arctic Region: Ecosystem Status and Trends in a Rapidly Changing Environment, J. M. Grebmeier and W. Maslowski (eds.)

Identify new sources of predictive skill and improve predictions of weather, water, and climate through observations, understanding, and modeling of physical processes and phenomena of the coupled Earth system.

However, I am overjoyed that my despicable tactics, such as deconstructing bad science and investigating the climate through observations rather than models, have driven you to exclamations marks!

The new position statement is equivocal, beginning with the observation that «the AAPG membership is divided on the degree of influence that anthropogenic CO2 has on recent and potential global temperature increases», and going on to say «Certain climate simulation models predict that the warming trend will continue, as reported through NAS, AGU, AAAS, and AMS.