A CRO enables an enforcement authority to recover property obtained
through unlawful conduct.
The test for unlawful conduct under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (PCA 2002), Pt 5, is whether it is more probable than not that a person alleged to have committed fraud or money laundering has obtained the property in issue
through the unlawful conduct alleged; it is not sufficient solely to establish a lifestyle inconsistent with any identified lawful income.
Property obtained
through unlawful conduct (s 242) was recoverable property: s 304 (1).
The question in this case was whether the first respondent had obtained the property in issue
through the unlawful conduct alleged.
Not exact matches
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The RICO statute makes it
unlawful for any person associated with an enterprise to participate in the
conduct of such enterprise's affairs, or to conspire to do so,
through a pattern of racketeering.
The DoJ, meanwhile, obtains an admission of
unlawful conduct (allowing relatively straightforward prosecution in the event that the company is in breach of the conditions of the agreement) without going
through the rigors of obtaining an indictment and bringing the case to court.
On an application for an interim receiving order under the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, s 246, the Assets Recovery Agency (ARA) must first establish a good arguable case that a certain kind of
unlawful conduct occurred, and then a good arguable case that property was obtained
through that kind of
unlawful conduct.
The effect of the provisions in ss 240 and 241 was that the claimant could recover property which was, or represented, property obtained
through conduct which was
unlawful under the criminal law of England and Wales.
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