Thus, it appears that the dumbbell shoulder press produces superior muscle activity in the anterior deltoid when performing the
exercises standing although it remains unclear whether a difference exists between the seated dumbbell and barbell
conditions.
Importantly, research has shown that children who scored high in behavioural intensity (i.e., show high activity and intense reactions to new situations and events) had a history of more medically - attended injuries when their parents reported reduced supervision but not when their parents reported closely supervising (see Figure 1).23
Thus, close supervision can counteract the elevated risk of injury typically found for temperamentally - difficult children.24, 25 On the other hand, the child attribute of inhibitory control (e.g., child can
exercise self control and resist doing things prohibited by a caregiver) serves a protective function and predicts a history of fewer medically - attended injuries even under
conditions of reduced supervision (see Figure 1).23 Hence, whether lower levels of supervision lead to increased risk of injury depends, in part, on the child's behavioural attributes.