Sentences with phrase «time over the global ocean»

The remotely sensed flux observations are then used to estimate regular flux fields in space and time over the global ocean.

New gridded daily wind fields from Metop / ASCAT scatterometer retrievals are produced in near real - time over global ocean with a spatial resolution of 0.25 °.

Not exact matches

It is worth noting that today business deals are closed over video conferencing rather than startup owners having to cross oceans every time a global project comes up.

nice question — there was indeed a global ocean in earths history and it was salt water — according to modern science when the plates moved and enclosed land creating a land locked ocean which over time turn to fresh water by leaking the salt into the bedrock... or something like that — i have rough understanding.

Since these set of ocean currents are known to influence global climate, the researchers were interested to see if it correlated with rainfall in the Western Hemisphere, and how such a correlation could change over time.

The third process, tidal dissipation, has recently become a focus in planetary science as a potential heat source sufficient enough to create and maintain subsurface global oceans and viscous processes affecting ice flow in which disturbances within the crystal lattice allow ice to flow like honey (over long enough time periods).

Understanding how carbon flows between land, air and water is key to predicting how much greenhouse gas emissions the earth, atmosphere and ocean can tolerate over a given time period to keep global warming and climate change at thresholds considered tolerable.

MHW frequency increased over 82 % of the global ocean between two 17 - year periods at the beginning and end of the record (1982 — 1998 and 2000 — 2016, splitting the time series in half; Fig. 1b).

It's the ocean «These small global temperature increases of the last 25 years and over the last century are likely natural changes that the globe has seen many times in the past.

«Global mean time series of surface - and satellite - observed low - level and total cloud cover exhibit very large discrepancies, however, implying that artifacts exist in one or both data sets... The surface - observed low - level cloud cover time series averaged over the global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 andGlobal mean time series of surface - and satellite - observed low - level and total cloud cover exhibit very large discrepancies, however, implying that artifacts exist in one or both data sets... The surface - observed low - level cloud cover time series averaged over the global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 andglobal ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 and 1997.

C is not constant for the dT» / dt equation to apply because heat penetrates through different parts of the climate system (different depths of the ocean in particular) over different time scales (also, if T» is supposed to be at some reference location or the global average at some vertical level, T» at other locations will vary; C will have to be an effective C value, the heat per unit change in the T» at the location (s) where T» occurs)

Most simulations of future global warming trends show that northern Europe and the north Atlantic ocean will get colder over time, not hotter as global warming progresses.

Over very long time periods such that the carbon cycle is in equilibrium with the climate, one gets a sensitivity to global temperature of about 20 ppm CO2 / deg C, or 75 ppb CH4 / deg C. On shorter timescales, the sensitivity for CO2 must be less (since there is no time for the deep ocean to come into balance), and variations over the last 1000 years or so (which are less than 10 ppm), indicate that even if Moberg is correct, the maximum sensitivity is around 15 ppm CO2 / deg C. CH4 reacts faster, but even for short term excursions (such as the 8.2 kyr event) has a similar sensitivOver very long time periods such that the carbon cycle is in equilibrium with the climate, one gets a sensitivity to global temperature of about 20 ppm CO2 / deg C, or 75 ppb CH4 / deg C. On shorter timescales, the sensitivity for CO2 must be less (since there is no time for the deep ocean to come into balance), and variations over the last 1000 years or so (which are less than 10 ppm), indicate that even if Moberg is correct, the maximum sensitivity is around 15 ppm CO2 / deg C. CH4 reacts faster, but even for short term excursions (such as the 8.2 kyr event) has a similar sensitivover the last 1000 years or so (which are less than 10 ppm), indicate that even if Moberg is correct, the maximum sensitivity is around 15 ppm CO2 / deg C. CH4 reacts faster, but even for short term excursions (such as the 8.2 kyr event) has a similar sensitivity.

Albedo from medium / low level clouds warms or cools the ocean surface by increasing or decreasing over time across the global surface.

Clearly the rate at which TOA imbalance diffuses into and through the global ocean is key to how much and how quickly global average surface temperature will rise over any given span of time.

Since the source of anthropogenic global warming is ostensibly increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, it makes no sense to posit that over time the oceans will warm at a faster rate than the atmosphere above them.

The mechanism by which the effect of oceanic variability over time is transferred to the atmosphere involves evaporation, conduction, convection, clouds and rainfall the significance of which has to date been almost entirely ignored due to the absence of the necessary data especially as regards the effect of cloudiness changes on global albedo and thus the amount of solar energy able to enter the oceans.

OHC may be one of the best measures of the top of atmosphere imbalance available - averaged over long time periods, global, representing (for the full depth of the oceans) ~ 93 % of the energy changes.

The variation of net global sensible and latent heat flux from the ocean, being impacted greatly by ENSO, the PDO, and the AMO, plays the dominant role in the fluctuations in total energy output measured at the TOA over short - term time frames.

In case you are interested, you can download the pattern that maximizes the integral time scale over global SST (including the Southern Ocean) here.

The principal scientific objective is to make global SSS measurements over the ice - free oceans with 150 - km spatial resolution, and to achieve a measurement error less than 0.2 (PSS - 78 [practical salinity scale of 1978]-RRB- on a 30 - day time scale, taking into account all sensors and geophysical random errors and biases.Salinity is indeed a key indicator of the strength of the hydrologic cycle because it tracks the differences created by varying evaporation and precipitation, runoff, and ice processes.

Given ocean surface is over twice land surface and some of the land some of the time is quite wet this drags down the average that CO2 warming can acheive on a global basis.

«A global ocean heat content change (OHC) trend of 0.55 ± 0.1 Wm ^ 2 is estimated over the time period 2005 — 2010.

J. T. Fasullo, R. S. Nerem & B. Hamlington Scientific Reports 6, Article number: 31245 (2016) doi: 10.1038 / srep31245 Download Citation Climate and Earth system modellingProjection and prediction Received: 13 April 2016 Accepted: 15 July 2016 Published online: 10 August 2016 Erratum: 10 November 2016 Updated online 10 November 2016 Abstract Global mean sea level rise estimated from satellite altimetry provides a strong constraint on climate variability and change and is expected to accelerate as the rates of both ocean warming and cryospheric mass loss increase over time.

Abstract: «Global mean sea level rise estimated from satellite altimetry provides a strong constraint on climate variability and change and is expected to accelerate as the rates of both ocean warming and cryospheric mass loss increase over time.

Because the oceans cover some 71 % of the Earth's surface and are capable of retaining heat around a thousand times that of the atmosphere, the oceans are where most of the energy from global warming is going - 93.4 % over recent decades.

Monitoring the ocean to its full depth with consistently calibrated instrumentation all over the globe — and doing so for decades at a time — is critical to track how global warming impacts the oceans» ecosystems and biogeochemical processes.

Do you have (does anyone have), time series of the state of the ocean heat sink, global mean temperature, and solar activity, over a span of 3 centuries?

In recent decades, much research on these topics has raised the questions of «tipping points» and «system flips,» where feedbacks in the system compound to rapidly cause massive reorganization of global climate over very short periods of time — a truncation or reorganization of the thermohaline circulation or of food web structures, for instance, caused by the loss of sea ice or warming ocean temperatures.

Matthew R Marler says: October 20, 2012 at 12:01 pm «Do you have (does anyone have), time series of the state of the ocean heat sink, global mean temperature, and solar activity, over a span of 3 centuries?»

However, over long time periods, the variation of the global average temperature with CO2 concentration depends on various factors such as the placement of the continents on Earth, the functionality of ocean currents, the past history of the climate, the orientation of the Earth's orbit relative to the Sun, the luminosity of the Sun, the presence of aerosols in the atmosphere, volcanic action, land clearing, biological evolution, etc..

I'm very convinced that the physical process of global warming is continuing, which appears as a statistically significant increase of the global surface and tropospheric temperature anomaly over a time scale of about 20 years and longer and also as trends in other climate variables (e.g., global ocean heat content increase, Arctic and Antarctic ice decrease, mountain glacier decrease on average and others), and I don't see any scientific evidence according to which this trend has been broken, recently.

This time period is too short to signify a change in the warming trend, as climate trends are measured over periods of decades, not years.12, 29,30,31,32 Such decade - long slowdowns or even reversals in trend have occurred before in the global instrumental record (for example, 1900 - 1910 and 1940 - 1950; see Figure 2.2), including three decade - long periods since 1970, each followed by a sharp temperature rise.33 Nonetheless, satellite and ocean observations indicate that the Earth - atmosphere climate system has continued to gain heat energy.34

Over the next 3 years the Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative project aims to: Develop and validate algorithms to meet the Ocean Colour GCOS ECV requirements for consistent, stable, error - characterized global satellite data products from multi-sensor data archives; Produce and validate, within an R&D context, the most complete and consistent possible time series of multi-sensor global satellite data products for climate research and modelling; Optimize the impact of MERIS data on climate data records; Generate complete specifications for an operational production system; Strengthen inter-disciplinary cooperation between international Earth observation, climate research and modelling communities, in pursuit of scientific excellence.

The CO2 doubling response from CM2.6, over 70 - 80 years, shows that upper - ocean (0 - 300 m) temperature in the Northwest Atlantic Shelf warms at a rate nearly twice as fast as the coarser models and nearly three times faster than the global average.

It is possible that the main reason why the time - integral of solar variability is of more importance to global temperature change in the medium to long term than short - term solar - energy variability is that, over time, half of any net increase in heat will accumulate in the oceans (the rest will radiate out to space), and the oceans, being a little warmer, will maintain the atmosphere at a warmer temperature than it might otherwise have exhibited.

The only thing that I would contend could be added would be long slow cumulative changes in solar output other than raw TSI namely changes in the mix of particles and wavelengths over longer periods of time such as MWP to LIA to date and which seem to have some effect on surface pressure distribution and global albedo so as to alter solar shortwave into the oceans and thus affecting the energy available to the ENSO process.

It suggests that the ocean's natural variability and change is leading to variability and change with enhanced magnitudes over the continents, causing much of the longer - time - scale (decadal) global - scale continental climate variability.

Until climatologists can properly make models that reflect the entire global history and take into account plate position and how high the plates ride, oceanic levels due to this and the position of oceans, overall insolation, overall daylength and its effects on average global temperature and factor in known carbon dioxide levels over that time period, then they will be unable to give any correlation between current carbon dioxide levels and global temperature.

For global average sea level, the main control on water density over these times is ocean temperature, with warming causing thermal expansion by roughly 0.4 m per degree C (Levermann et al., 2013).

http://illconsidered.blogspot.com/2006/04/historically-co2-never-causes.html 100 years of shift does not factor into the larger scale phenomena http://illconsidered.blogspot.com/2006/01/one-hundred-years-is-not-enough.html Until climatologists can properly make models that reflect the entire global history and take into account plate position and how high the plates ride, oceanic levels due to this and the position of oceans, overall insolation, overall daylength and its effects on average global temperature and factor in known carbon dioxide levels over that time period, then they will be unable to give any correlation between current carbon dioxide levels and global temperature.

Rise of the global average sea level over the time periods of most interest to human economies is controlled primarily by the mass or density of ocean water.

In his last email exchange, Wallace offers to close out the FOIA because the email string «clarified that your subject paper (and especially the «History» segment of the associated time series pH curve) did not rely upon either data or other contemporary representations for global ocean pH over the period of time between the first decade of 1900 (when the pH metric was first devised, and ocean pH values likely were first instrumentally measured and recorded) through and up to just before 1988.»

There has not been shown to be a density variation of significance that correlates with average temperature variation (e.g, the recent high average temperature came from a small very hot area over the ocean and a small northern area, and more normal to even colder temperatures everywhere else, not global temperatures being warmer), and Solar activity has been shown to correlate very well with much of the long term (thousands of years time scale) global temperature trend.

More on Global Climate Change: Moscow Death Rate Doubles From Worst Heat Wave in 1000 Years 17 Nations Beat or Equal All - Time Heat Records This Summer Abrupt Climate Change Could Drag Monsoon Over the Ocean, Decreasing Vegetation Growth

A major factor governing the rate of uptake of CO2 by the oceans is pace at which global CO2 emissions are increasing over time.

Here, we present an explanation for time - invariant land — sea warming ratio that applies if three conditions on radiative forcing are met: first, spatial variations in the climate forcing must be sufficiently small that the lower free troposphere warms evenly over land and ocean; second, the temperature response must not be large enough to change the global circulation to zeroth order; third, the temperature response must not be large enough to modify the boundary layer amplification mechanisms that contribute to making φ exceed unity.

Coupled with paleontological analyses of marine microfossils in deep - sea sediments, these stable - isotope and trace - element microanalyses provide quantitative measures of global climate and ocean behavior over diverse time scales.

I suspect, however, a graph of that might look rather similar to that plot showing global land - ocean temperature increases over time.

«Global mean time series of surface - and satellite - observed low - level and total cloud cover exhibit very large discrepancies, however, implying that artifacts exist in one or both data sets... The surface - observed low - level cloud cover time series averaged over the global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 andGlobal mean time series of surface - and satellite - observed low - level and total cloud cover exhibit very large discrepancies, however, implying that artifacts exist in one or both data sets... The surface - observed low - level cloud cover time series averaged over the global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 andglobal ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 and 1997.