Sentences with phrase «time the average atmospheric»

The last time the average atmospheric CO2 levels were around 400 ppm, as they are now, was 3 million years ago.

Not exact matches

By Darran Messem, Managing Director, Certification, Carbon Trust Introduction If as expected atmospheric CO2 averages 400 parts per million (ppm) this year, for the first time in over 800,000 years, -LSB-...]

Wondering how that cold spell compares to recent times, atmospheric scientists Susan Solomon of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Aeronomy Laboratory in Boulder, Colorado, and Chuck Stearns of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, tracked the average monthly temperatures over the last 15 years at a series of four automated weather stations located, by coincidence, along Scott's return route.

Their findings, based on output from four global climate models of varying ocean and atmospheric resolution, indicate that ocean temperature in the U.S. Northeast Shelf is projected to warm twice as fast as previously projected and almost three times faster than the global average.

Coesite is a polymorph of silica that only forms under extremely high pressure — 10,000 times more on average than normal atmospheric pressure.

Why It Matters: On average, atmospheric rivers hit the western United States only a few times each winter, but they transport significant amounts of moisture that converges in the mountains producing heavy precipitation.

A NOAA website on atmospheric rivers contains this fascinating statistic that illustrates just how much moisture can be transported by winds in the mid-to-upper atmosphere: «A strong atmospheric river transports an amount of water vapor roughly equivalent to 7.5 - 15 times the average flow of liquid water at the mouth of the Mississippi River.»

My question is, what is the average time for the excess atmospheric CO2 produced by burning fossil fuels to mix into the deep ocean reservoir.

The work is an estimate of the global average based on a single - column, time - average model of the atmosphere and surface (with some approximations — e.g. the surface is not truly a perfect blackbody in the LW (long - wave) portion of the spectrum (the wavelengths dominated by terrestrial / atmospheric emission, as opposed to SW radiation, dominated by solar radiation), but it can give you a pretty good idea of things (fig 1 shows a spectrum of radiation to space); there is also some comparison to actual measurements.

The processes (absorption of light, collisional energy transfer and emission) can be separated because the average time that an isolated CO2 molecule takes before it emits a photon is much longer that the time for collisional de-excitation (~ tens of microseconds at atmospheric pressure, less, higher in the atmosphere).

The radiative balance over equilibrium timescales — the heat released by raindrop formation will locally warm the atmosphere, but it takes time for the atmospheric circulation to average this out.

On - shore deposits are affected by atmospheric warming amplified to 2 or 3 times average global warming.

So, although each molecule of CO2 that escapes from the oceans will, on average, be back in the ocean again in five years time, if the sea surface temperature rises the increase in the atmospheric CO2 will remain.

Climate sensitivity is defined in terms of global averages (there is only one number) but a GCM is fully time - dependent, three - dimensional simulation that typically includes atmospheric and ocean processes.

For the first time, scientists measured an average concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide of 400 parts per million in Mauna Loa, Hawaii, where the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration observatory is located, on Thursday.

«Since 1990, surface ocean pH has directly been measured or calculated at several locations, with the average recent decrease estimated as 0.0019 pH units per year at the Hawaii Ocean Time - series (HOT; close to the site of long - term atmospheric CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa)[12]; 0.0017 per year based on transects in the North Pacific [13]; 0.0012 per year at the Bermuda Atlantic Time - Series (BATS)[14] and 0.0017 per year at the European Station for Time - Series in the Ocean at the Canary Islands (ESTOC)[15].

So I integrated the SST data over time to get the cumulative data and plotted it against the average atmospheric CO2 concentration from Mauna Loa.

On Wednesday, scientists at the University of California in San Diego confirmed that April's monthly average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration breached 410 parts per million for the first time in our history.

Park, J. (2009), A re-evaluation of the coherence between global - average atmospheric CO2 and temperatures at interannual time scales, Geophys.

Sadly, you have conflated the average time that an individual CO2 molecule stays in the atmosphere before being replaced (called airborne residence time) with the time it takes the CO2 concentration to return to pre-pulse values after the addition of a pulse of CO2 to the atmosphere (called e-folding time or pulse decay time or atmospheric lifetime).

This is likely because we maximized the covariance between the sea ice field and the atmospheric circulation by restricting our time averaging to the seasonal mean and restricting our spatial domain to 0 ° — 180 ° W and 30 ° — 75 ° S. Inevitably, indices calculated from local data will explain more local variance than those based on remote data.

16 Major greenhouse gases Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Source: Fossil fuel burning, deforestationSource: Fossil fuel burning, deforestation Anthropogenic increase: 30 % Anthropogenic increase: 30 % Average atmospheric residence time: 500 yearsAverage atmospheric residence time: 500 years Methane (CH 4) Methane (CH 4) Source: Rice cultivation, cattle & sheep ranching, decay from landfills, miningSource: Rice cultivation, cattle & sheep ranching, decay from landfills, mining Anthropogenic increase: 145 % Anthropogenic increase: 145 % Average atmospheric residence time: 7 - 10 yearsAverage atmospheric residence time: 7 - 10 years Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) Source: Industry and agriculture (fertilizers) Source: Industry and agriculture (fertilizers) Anthropogenic increase: 15 % Anthropogenic increase: 15 % Average atmospheric residence time: 140 - 190 yearsAverage atmospheric residence time: 140 - 190 years

In 2014, Cliff Mass, a noted professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington, told the New York Times that, due to rising average temperatures, Washington's largest wine - producing regions, in the eastern part of the state, could soon supplant California's Napa Valley.

ECS is the increase in the global annual mean surface temperature caused by an instantaneous doubling of the atmospheric concentration of CO2 relative to the pre-industrial level after the model relaxes to radiative equilibrium, while the TCR is the temperature increase averaged over 20 years centered on the time of doubling at a 1 % per year compounded increase.

That means the resolution per ice - core year - point is 50 years of atmospheric CO2 averaged after 10,000 years, 500 years averaged after 100,000 years, and 1000 years averaged after 400,000 years — the time - length of the Vostok core.

The exchange time before closing is about 10 years at depth, so that the averaging with atmospheric gases is reasonably complete over the firn closure time.

The problem, the atmospheric density has almost certainly gone down on average over time.

Taken together, the average of the warmest times during the middle Pliocene presents a view of the equilibrium state of a globally warmer world, in which atmospheric CO2 concentrations (estimated to be between 360 to 400 ppm) were likely higher than pre-industrial values (Raymo and Rau, 1992; Raymo et al., 1996), and in which geologic evidence and isotopes agree that sea level was at least 15 to 25 m above modern levels (Dowsett and Cronin, 1990; Shackleton et al., 1995), with correspondingly reduced ice sheets and lower continental aridity (Guo et al., 2004).

«Humans Didn't Exist the Last Time There Was This Much CO2 in the Air» (Eric Holthaus, Grist) «On Wednesday, scientists at the University of California in San Diego confirmed that April's monthly average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration breached 410 parts per million for the first time in our history...» MorTime There Was This Much CO2 in the Air» (Eric Holthaus, Grist) «On Wednesday, scientists at the University of California in San Diego confirmed that April's monthly average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration breached 410 parts per million for the first time in our history...» Mortime in our history...» More...

Half of the human emissions «disappear» right away, since on average the atmospheric concentration increase is about half the human emission; so the «residence time» of this fraction is 0.

... To determine the TCS metric, we use actual physical data for the: 1) average surface temperature anomaly of 1850 - 2012, 2) atmospheric CO2 concentration history, and 3) rise in Total Solar Irradiance over the same period of time.

We again point to the Keeling curve — this time NOAA's «global average» atmospheric CO2 concentration over the last 5 years.

Jacob (1999)[31] defines the lifetime τ -LCB- \ displaystyle \ tau -RCB- of an atmospheric species X in a one - box model as the average time that a molecule of X remains in the box.

[71][72] Because of the way air is trapped in ice (pores in the ice close off slowly to form bubbles deep within the firn) and the time period represented in each ice sample analyzed, these figures represent averages of atmospheric concentrations of up to a few centuries rather than annual or decadal levels.

The lower values are at least 3 times more than the average rate of increase in the atmospheric carbon during the onset of a Pleistocene interglacial period.

They don't realize this is a huge step forward in atmospheric physics, mainly because all of the equations and relations that he has coerced out of the radiosonde data are applicable at almost any point on the Earth and at any season, averaged over time and within tight error bars.