Sentences with phrase «times atmospheric air»

«But this is the one of the first times atmospheric air pollution has been taken into account in determining solar photovoltaic cells» ability to generate electricity.»

Not exact matches

The atmospheric concentration of benzene, for example, decreased by about 6,000 times, dramatically improving air quality.

To see if these regulations affected bromine concentrations, atmospheric chemist Stephen Montzka of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, Colorado, and colleagues analyzed air samples taken several times each month from 10 land - based sites across the globe between 1995 and 2002.

In attacking the air - blurred starlight, his weapon of choice will be a run - of - the - mill adaptive optics system augmented by another more «extreme» version that uses 2,000 computer - controlled actuators to correct atmospheric distortions by flexing a deformable mirror more than 3,600 times per second.

The researchers found that large - scale features of atmospheric circulation — in particular, the strength and position of the Aleutian Low, a semi-permanent, subpolar area of low pressure located in the Gulf of Alaska near the Aleutian Islands — largely determined the timing of snowmelt during spring in Alaska, by either facilitating or inhibiting the transport of warm, moist air into the region.

While lying in a cylindrical chamber, patients breathe in 100 percent oxygen (normal air is about 21 percent oxygen) at 2 to 3 times regular atmospheric pressure, for at least an hour.

As a result of atmospheric patterns that both warmed the air and reduced cloud cover as well as increased residual heat in newly exposed ocean waters, such melting helped open the fabled Northwest Passage for the first time [see photo] this summer and presaged tough times for polar bears and other Arctic animals that rely on sea ice to survive, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

The effects of increased temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentration have been documented concerning shifts in flowering time and pollen initiation from allergenic plants, elevated production of plant - based allergens, and health effects of increased pollen concentrations and longer pollen seasons.15, 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 Additional studies have shown extreme rainfall and higher temperatures can lead to increased indoor air quality issues such as fungi and mold health concerns.27, 28,29,30

«We used a UK Met Office computer model of atmospheric transport to look back in time, at where the air samples we collected had travelled from.»

The Channa andrao snakehead, which breathes atmospheric air and can live on land for four days at a time, is one of more than 200 species discovered between 2009 and 2014, as detailed in a report this month by the World Wildlife Federation.

On glacial - interglacial time scales, atmospheric CO2 is mainly governed by the interplay between ocean circulation, marine biological activity, ocean - sediment interactions, seawater carbonate chemistry and air - sea exchange.

The study shows that during drilling, as much as 34 grams of methane per second were spewing into the air from seven natural gas well pads in southwest Pennsylvania — up to 1,000 times the EPA estimate for methane emissions during drilling, Purdue atmospheric chemistry professor and study lead author Paul Shepson said in a statement.

And just when you thought the visuals couldn't possibly look any more eye - watering, Evolution have taken the time to enhance the atmospheric effects; «improving heathaze and introducing mirages, which are visible on the road when light is refracted by hot air.»

This elegant and hypnotic installation invites visitors of all ages to contemplate the passage of time and shifting patterns of light and atmospheric conditions as the balloons swim through the air.

Due to the huge volume of sea water and the density differentials between air and ocean that would be impossible or would require such huge amounts of atmospheric heating and such huge lengths of time that for practical purposes it should be ignored.

Considering the heat capacity of the oceans is about 1,100 times greater than the air, would not even a modest change in cloud cover affect the radiative balance with far greater magnitude than a parts - per - million change in an atmospheric gas constituent?

If I have the physics right, there is more moisture in the air during hot global temperatures, and lower atmospheric moisture during times of colder global temperatures.

For the latter, the analysis of the air entrapped in the ice is the only direct way to determine their concentrations for times before precise routine atmospheric measurements were done, that is, before 1958.

However, at some point in time, air capture conceivably could be a useful tool to mitigate emissions from distributed sources, and may even be deployed to reduce atmospheric concentrations of CO2 below current concentrations.

At times of low solar irradiance the amounts of sea ice in the Nordic Sea increase, this ice is then driven south due to the atmospheric circulation (also due to weak solar conditions) creating a more northerly air flow in this area.

In order to get the bioreactors efficient enough to produce 10,000 — 20,000 gallons of fuel per acre per year they need CO2 at many times atmospheric concentration which is a piece of cake if you capture it from power plant or other industrial exhaust gases but not so easy getting it out of the air.

The big debate about CO2's effect on global surface - level air temperatures is what will happen when atmospheric CO2 doubles in concentration from pre-industrial times, i.e., increases from 0.026 % (280 ppm) of the atmosphere to 0.056 % (560 ppm).

I think CO2's short atmospheric residence time coupled with Henry's law of solubility, which loosely says more CO2 must be dissolved in water than in the air, about 50:1 respectively, contradicting the Revelle Factor, is relevant.

Luoto and Nevalainen, 2017 [DOI: 10.1007 / s00704 -017-2139-0] «Recently, the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases has raised air temperatures -LSB-...], but at the same time, there appears to be divergent trends in the precipitation dynamics between southern and eastern Finland (Fig. 2).

The formula you start with after the prose above is: air density to 5 - 6 km earth atmospheric height z equals the air density at z = 0 times exp (z / z0).

Thus if it is decided in the future that CO2 must be extracted from the air and removed from the carbon cycle (e.g., by storing it underground or in carbonate bricks), the impact on atmospheric CO2 amount will diminish in time.

What is ACTUALLY happening now is that the atmospheric greenhouse effect is getting stronger; and at the same time the circulations of water and air and heat and cloud and so on around the globe are going on their merry chaotic way, meaning that we are going to have unpredictable short term variations while there is a continual flow of heat into the ocean from the energy imbalance between what is being emitted and what is being absorbed.

Since to me (and many scientists, although some wanted a lot more corroborative evidence, which they've also gotten) it makes absolutely no sense to presume that the earth would just go about its merry way and keep the climate nice and relatively stable for us (though this rare actual climate scientist pseudo skeptic seems to think it would, based upon some non scientific belief — see second half of this piece), when the earth changes climate easily as it is, climate is ultimately an expression of energy, it is stabilized (right now) by the oceans and ice sheets, and increasing the number of long term thermal radiation / heat energy absorbing and re radiating molecules to levels not seen on earth in several million years would add an enormous influx of energy to the lower atmosphere earth system, which would mildly warm the air and increasingly transfer energy to the earth over time, which in turn would start to alter those stabilizing systems (and which, with increasing ocean energy retention and accelerating polar ice sheet melting at both ends of the globe, is exactly what we've been seeing) and start to reinforce the same process until a new stases would be reached well after the atmospheric levels of ghg has stabilized.

This relationship determines that in hydrostatic equilibrium any work — w ∂ pi / ∂ z performed by the vertical partial pressure gradient per unit time per unit atmospheric volume is compensated exactly by the work — wγiρg performed by the force of gravity that acts on a corresponding molar share γi of the air mass (here w is vertical velocity).

Moreover; it IS FAIR to say that not all variables such as atmospheric pressure, air temperature etc are going to have time constants within the 1 to 10 minute range.

«Humans Didn't Exist the Last Time There Was This Much CO2 in the Air» (Eric Holthaus, Grist) «On Wednesday, scientists at the University of California in San Diego confirmed that April's monthly average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration breached 410 parts per million for the first time in our history...» MorTime There Was This Much CO2 in the Air» (Eric Holthaus, Grist) «On Wednesday, scientists at the University of California in San Diego confirmed that April's monthly average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration breached 410 parts per million for the first time in our history...» Mortime in our history...» More...

Therefore it's my opinion that the not - so - extreme decline from April to July 2010, coupled with the higher - than - usual April value, coupled with the changes (both trend and fluctuation) in both the size of and the timing of the annual cycle, are such that there's insufficient evidence to conclude that the Eyjafjallajökull eruption caused a noticeable change in atmospheric CO2, whether by emissions from the eruption, the lack of emissions from air traffic, or iron fertilization of the oceans.

100 Gt C is about 8.33 E3 Tmol of C. From Hartmann, «Global Physical Climatology», the amount of O2 in the atmosphere is about 209500 ppm (molar ratio in dry air), or 1.185 million Gt, which is about 37030 E3 Tmol of O2, which is about 4450 times the moles of O2 that are produced by photosynthetic uptake of 100 Gt of C; photosynthetic uptake of 100 Gt of C would, if all O2 remained in the atmosphere, increase atmospheric O2 by about 0.0225 % (relative to the total O2).

Convection is characterized by a circulation pattern of rising and sinking air masses, and the atmospheric vertical volume transport takes place through cells of updraft and subsidence; however, these may not be coherent or stable in time and space.

[71][72] Because of the way air is trapped in ice (pores in the ice close off slowly to form bubbles deep within the firn) and the time period represented in each ice sample analyzed, these figures represent averages of atmospheric concentrations of up to a few centuries rather than annual or decadal levels.

The power of hyperspectral sounding has been amply demonstrated by the NASA EOS Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) flying on the Aqua mission in a 13:30 orbit19 in terms of improved retrieval uncertainty and a significant positive impact on forecast skill.20 Operational LEO atmospheric temperature and moisture sounding capability in the 2010 + time frame will be provided by two instrument pairs (three during the transition from the current system).

Perhaps taking the time to familiarize oneself with the atmospheric circulation patterns of the area will show that it is perfectly normal, natural and expected that those particles reach Antarctica through warm air advection pathways... Just look at a satellite animation.