The investigators found that when LIF - treated muscle stem cells were transplanted to skeletal muscle, they formed two to three
times more muscle fibers as control cells did.
Not exact matches
Instead, it appears to be related to a much
more fundamental metabolic constraint: the length of
time required for the animal to reach its theoretical maximum speed, based on the number of «fast twitch»
muscle fiber cells in the creature's
muscles, as compared to the length of
time it takes for those cells to run out of readily available energy.
The best way to perfect your peaks is by giving
more attention to eccentrics, which allow for preferential fast - twitch
muscle fiber recruitment and prolonged
time under tension.
For example, when you do a two second pause in the middle of the rep, you play down the momentum, taking full advantage of the
time spent under tension, and recruiting
more muscle fibers.
In
time, it was discovered that there was
more than one type II
muscle fiber, and these would be considered subdivisions of type II.
You'll notice that by using a slower,
more controlled negative, your stretch reflex will be slightly inhibited and you'll also spend
more time under tension, limiting the amount of weight you can ultimately perform for the same number of reps.. The good thing about this method is that it allows the strongest
muscle fibers to get trained.
The human body is incredibly efficient — it wants to do the least amount of work possible to perform a given task, so it builds new
muscle fibers, creates neural pathways and develops
muscle memory to perform the same job
more efficiently over
time.
More interestingly, Farup et al. (2014) found that the strength of the relationship between rate of force development and type IIX
muscle fiber relative area reduced steadily as the
time period moved further away from the onset of the contraction (r = 0.61, 0.56, 0.46, 0.26 for 30ms, 50ms, 100ms and 200ms).
Essentially, the longer
fibers require
more time to go from slack to taut, at the onset of a
muscle contraction (Blazevich et al. 2008; 2009).
According to Bennett - Ramseur, yogis regularly activate «slow twitch
muscle fibers which improve our endurance but can not generate significant force, while quick explosive movements found in weight training activate
more type 2
muscle fibers, which improve our explosiveness, strength, and power, but can not sustain activity for long periods of
time.»
Reduced
time was working out: Because you will be engaging
more muscle fibers with each lift during your workouts on the powertower, you won't need to spend as much
time working out.
Things can get a little
more complicated, especially under fatigue where motor unit cycling1 comes into play, but that's the basic gist of where this idea comes from: Type 1
muscle fibers are recruited first and take a long
time to fatigue, leading you to think they'd grow the most when exposed to lighter weights for high reps. Type 2
muscle fibers are recruited
more when the
muscles are loaded heavier, at least for the first few reps, leading you to think they'd grow the most when exposed to heavier loads for lower reps. 2
1Some
muscle fibers drop out when they fatigue, and other
muscle fibers are recruited so force output doesn't drop off, which means total
muscle activation over the course of a set may be the same with heavy and light loads, even if activation at any given
time point is higher with heavier loads 2 It's a little
more complicated than that, if you care to dig deeper.
The reason
more mitochondria don't always mean that you run faster (instead of longer) is because (1) you may have far
more mitochondria than necessary to process the maximum amount of oxygen your lungs can take in and your red blood cells transport at any given
time, (2) regardless of how many mitochondria you have, the motor neurons connected to your aerobic
muscle fibers are smaller than those connected to your anaerobic
muscle fibers.
Over
time, your
muscle fiber protein content will also increase, making for a permanently bigger
muscle fiber (and one that can hold
more glycogen and water inside it).
Longer
muscle fibers contract
more quickly than shorter
muscle fibers because all of the sarcomeres in a single
muscle fiber contract at the same
time.