Sentences with phrase «times the average concentration»

Though the fist - sized rock is relatively dry by earthly standards, it contains between 10 and 30 times the average concentration of water found in other known martian meteorites — and it is the first to closely match certain aspects of the martian crust.

Not exact matches

[22] The concentration of Indigenous Australians is the second largest of any Victorian city (Mildura 11.6 %) and is 4 times the national average (2.5 %).

On average, smokers have 4 - 5 times higher blood cadmium concentrations and 2 - 3 times higher kidney cadmium concentrations than non-smokers.

During some years, up to as many as 12,000 green sea turtles aggregate around Raine Island to lay eggs on the beach, which offers scientists a natural laboratory to compare the movements and behaviours of the turtles and tiger sharks during a time when sea turtle concentrations are higher than average.

About 460 million years ago, the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere ranged somewhere between 14 and 22 times the current level, and the average global temperature was about 5 °C higher than it is now.

This will permit the average terrestrial concentrations of uranium and thorium to be 2 to 4.7 times higher than that observed in chondrites.

The average CO2 concentrations for March, April and June 2014 were all above 400 ppm, the first time that has been recorded.

In vivo brain glycine and glutamate concentrations in patients with first - episode psychosis measured by echo time - averaged proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4T Kim SY, Kaufman MJ, Cohen BM, Jensen JE, Coyle JT, Du F, Öngür D. Biological Psychiatry.

Ambient levels of PM 2 days before submaximal exercise testing were significantly associated with increased ST - segment depression during the test.17 This finding suggests that air pollution exposure conveys a greater susceptibility to myocardial ischemia, as demonstrated in an experimental study of dogs exposed to CAP.175 These results also offer insight regarding the relationship between exposure to PM and the timing of AMI.11 Significant associations were identified between symptom onset and both acute (levels within 2 hours before symptoms) and subacute (previous - day average concentration) exposures to PM2.5.

In fact, concentrations of some pollutants can be two to five times greater inside our homes than they are outdoors, according to the Environmental Protection Agency — a worrisome fact considering we spend, on average, 90 percent of our time indoors.

New research has found seven out of 10 Australian adults are unable to concentrate on one task for more than half an hour at a time — less than the length of an average school period — while over half confessed to being distracted by other thoughts and losing concentration within just 15 minutes of starting a task.

One study investigated over 700 salmon samples from around the world and found that on average, the PCB concentrations in farmed salmon were eight times higher than in wild salmon (19).

Researchers then tested their blood and urine and discovered that on average, those participants had almost twice the concentration of arsenic in their urine and 70 % more mercury in their blood, compared to people eating gluten diets in the same time frame.

Further, Dr. Barnett had found that the magnesium bone content of the average Deaf Smith County resident was up to five times higher than that of a resident of Dallas, while the concentrations of calcium and phosphorus were about the same in both groups.

A recently published study in the Journal of Environmental Science and Technology revealed that the average blood concentration of these PBDEs was as much as ten times higher in tested dogs than in humans.

ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT - alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band cell — type of white blood cell Baso basophil — type of white blood cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood cell antibody test (immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure, tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (electrical heart activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil — type of white blood cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound by protein measured by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver, immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup of white blood cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed - cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte — type of white blood cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed - cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte — type of white blood cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced tissue imaging) Na + sodium ion — unbound sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood cell — immature red blood cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed - cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet — cells involved in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil — type of white blood cell USG Urine specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)

The anthropogenic contribution to the actual CO2 concentration is found to be 4.3 %, its fraction to the CO2 increase over the Industrial Era is 15 % and the average residence time 4 years.»

... Polar amplification explains in part why Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet appear to be highly sensitive to relatively small increases in CO2 concentration and global mean temperature... Polar amplification occurs if the magnitude of zonally averaged surface temperature change at high latitudes exceeds the globally averaged temperature change, in response to climate forcings and on time scales greater than the annual cycle.

The study, described in an article today in The Times, finds that poorly understood variations in water vapor concentrations in the stratosphere were probably responsible for a substantial wedge of the powerful warming trend in the 1990s and a substantial portion of «the flattening of global average temperatures since 2000 ″ (to anyone who hates talk of plateaus and the like, those are the authors» words, not mine).

If one postulates that the global average surface temperature tracks the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, possibly with some delay, then when the CO2 concentration continues to rise monotonically but the global average surface temperature shows fluctuations as a function of time with changes in slope (periods wherein it decreases), then you must throw the postulate away.

This leads to a higher equilibrium temperature, but balance is reestablished again in a sense that time averages of energy in - and - out are equal for each volume element, given some fixed elevation of greenhouse gas concentration.

(In the global time average, diffusion of latent heat is in the same direction as sensible heat transport, but latent heat will tend to flow from higher to lower concentrations of water vapor (or equilibrium vapor pressure at the liquid / solid water surface), and regionally / locally, conditions can arise where the latent heat and sensible heat fluxes are oppositely directed.)

This seems to misunderstand the climate system lag time: «If and when CO2 concentration in the atmosphere reaches 550 ppm, what will be the increase in global average surface temperature relative to the year 2000?»

For the first time since the federal government began tracking carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere, the monthly average concentration of this greenhouse gas surpassed 400 parts per million in March 2015, according to latest results.

This was the first time that the monthly average exceeded the threshold of 410 parts per million, It was also the first time that there was a 30 percent increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the world.

Atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide has now reached 400 parts per million (ppm), up from 280ppm three centuries ago; the Earth is on average 1ºC hotter than in pre-industrial times.

In May, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced that the monthly global average concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere had exceeded 400 parts per million for the first time since it had been compiling the data in 1979.

For the first time, scientists measured an average concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide of 400 parts per million in Mauna Loa, Hawaii, where the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration observatory is located, on Thursday.

However, over long time periods, the variation of the global average temperature with CO2 concentration depends on various factors such as the placement of the continents on Earth, the functionality of ocean currents, the past history of the climate, the orientation of the Earth's orbit relative to the Sun, the luminosity of the Sun, the presence of aerosols in the atmosphere, volcanic action, land clearing, biological evolution, etc..

Global average temperature in 2015 was the warmest year since modern record - keeping began in 1880, while CO2 concentrations breached 400ppm for the first time.

So I integrated the SST data over time to get the cumulative data and plotted it against the average atmospheric CO2 concentration from Mauna Loa.

«Levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere reached new highs, and in the northern hemisphere spring 2015 the three - month global average concentration of CO2 crossed the 400 parts per million barrier for the first time.

On Wednesday, scientists at the University of California in San Diego confirmed that April's monthly average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration breached 410 parts per million for the first time in our history.

The reality is that the author of the head post of this thread foolishly conflated two very different things — the length of time that an average CO2 molecule stays in the air (airborne residence time), and the length of time it takes the elevated CO2 concentration after an injected pulse of CO2 to decay to the pre-pulse concentration (pulse decay time, or e-folding time).

Sadly, you have conflated the average time that an individual CO2 molecule stays in the atmosphere before being replaced (called airborne residence time) with the time it takes the CO2 concentration to return to pre-pulse values after the addition of a pulse of CO2 to the atmosphere (called e-folding time or pulse decay time or atmospheric lifetime).

The average concentration of mercury in the eight products was 1.78 parts per million, more than four times higher than the «safe» level of 0.4 set by the government of Japan.

23 Thousands of years ago Temperature change (° c) Carbon dioxide (ppmv) Temperature Change through time Compares to the present temperature Current Level Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration and Temperature change Current Level 2100 CO2 Concentration in the atmosphere (Antarctic Ice Core) If nothing is done to slow greenhouse gas emissions... CO 2 concentrations will likely be more than 700 ppm by 2100 Global average temperatures projected to rise at 2.5 - 10.4 degrees If nothing is done to slow greenhouse gas emissions... CO 2 concentrations will likely be more than 700 ppm by 2100 Global average temperatures projected to rise at 2.5 - 10.4 degrees

ECS is the increase in the global annual mean surface temperature caused by an instantaneous doubling of the atmospheric concentration of CO2 relative to the pre-industrial level after the model relaxes to radiative equilibrium, while the TCR is the temperature increase averaged over 20 years centered on the time of doubling at a 1 % per year compounded increase.

In computer - based models, rising concentrations of greenhouse gases produce an increase in the average surface temperature of the earth over time.

The three - month average CO2 concentration in the world reached the 400 parts per million (ppm) threshold for the first time during this year's spring.

According to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), monthly global average concentrations of the gas surpassed 400 parts per million in March 2015 for the first time since the administration began tracking carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Greenhouse gas benchmark reached For the first time since we began tracking carbon dioxide in the global atmosphere, the monthly global average concentration of this greenhouse gas surpassed 400 parts per million in March 2015, according to NOAA's latest results.

Taken together, the average of the warmest times during the middle Pliocene presents a view of the equilibrium state of a globally warmer world, in which atmospheric CO2 concentrations (estimated to be between 360 to 400 ppm) were likely higher than pre-industrial values (Raymo and Rau, 1992; Raymo et al., 1996), and in which geologic evidence and isotopes agree that sea level was at least 15 to 25 m above modern levels (Dowsett and Cronin, 1990; Shackleton et al., 1995), with correspondingly reduced ice sheets and lower continental aridity (Guo et al., 2004).

«Humans Didn't Exist the Last Time There Was This Much CO2 in the Air» (Eric Holthaus, Grist) «On Wednesday, scientists at the University of California in San Diego confirmed that April's monthly average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration breached 410 parts per million for the first time in our history...» MorTime There Was This Much CO2 in the Air» (Eric Holthaus, Grist) «On Wednesday, scientists at the University of California in San Diego confirmed that April's monthly average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration breached 410 parts per million for the first time in our history...» Mortime in our history...» More...

Half of the human emissions «disappear» right away, since on average the atmospheric concentration increase is about half the human emission; so the «residence time» of this fraction is 0.

... To determine the TCS metric, we use actual physical data for the: 1) average surface temperature anomaly of 1850 - 2012, 2) atmospheric CO2 concentration history, and 3) rise in Total Solar Irradiance over the same period of time.

We again point to the Keeling curve — this time NOAA's «global average» atmospheric CO2 concentration over the last 5 years.

To crunch its numbers, the EPA calculated the average concentration of methane in the atmosphere over a 100 - year period and determined that over that period methane is 21 times more potent than carbon dioxide.

Methane concentrations were 17 - times higher on average (19.2 mg CH4 L - 1) in shallow wells from active drilling and extraction areas than in wells from nonactive areas (1.1 mg L - 1 on average; P < 0.05; Fig. 3 and Table 1).

Trenberth still relates the effect from CO2 based on 100ppmv causing an increase of 0.6 °C but does not subtract the 0.5 °C of natural warming as recovery from the LIA that has nothing to do with CO2 emissions therefore producing an effect six times too high for the effect from increased CO2 Trenberth is not aware that CO2 is not increaseing at an accelerated rate as predicted by Hansen but at a near linear rate averaging 2.037 ppmv / year so by 2100 the concentration will not be as predicted by the IPCC as per scenario A1 but merely reach a level of 573.11 ppmv by 2100, This is only in the case that CO2 increase is maintained but this may not happen as the rate appears to be slowing down with the average rate for the past 5 years being lower than the rate for the past ten years.