Sentences with phrase «tiny cells which»

The gut wall (that is, the lining of the intestines) is made up of a single layer of tiny cells which allow nutrients and water in while keeping bacteria, large proteins, and other toxins out.

Not exact matches

A CCD works like this: Light hits a tiny grid of photosensitive silicon cells, each which build a charge proportional to the intensity of the light hitting it.

As the video explains, these traits are due to the tiny molecular machines in our cells known as proteins, which are encoded by bits of DNA called genes.

ReInnervate, a start - up in Durham, England, is developing a tiny, three - dimensional plastic scaffolding on which human cells can be grown into artificial tissue, and perhaps eventually into replacements for organs.

So in a country in which third trimester abortions are legal on - demand, our abortion discussion centers on questions like «So why are you against the removal of a tiny clump of rapist - produced cells?»

The existing patterns of physical feeling in my brain cells have to be deflected repeatedly by fresh novelty — now this way, now that way, in a tedious sequence of trial - and - error, before these tiny bodily societies learn the new patterns which enable them to respond to my aims to type.

This way any germs that may attempt to enroll through the nasal passage are trapped in the tiny cells, which are set up in the sinus passageway.

The cells also underwent tiny zaps of electricity, which allowed researchers to see how the neurons might have communicated with other nerve cells in the brain.

To create a new bioink, Gatenholm's team mixed polysaccharides from brown algae and tiny cellulose fibrils from wood or made by bacteria, as well as human chondrocytes, which are cells that build up cartilage.

A «Trojan horse» treatment for an aggressive form of brain cancer, which involves using tiny nanoparticles of gold to kill tumour cells, has been successfully tested by scientists.

Unlike DNA in nature, which replicates inside cells, these webs exist freely and suggest how self - replication might one day be an alternative to conventional fabrication for very tiny structures.

Now, the team led by Empa researcher Ayodhya N. Tiwari has made a major leap forward: the researchers are presenting a new manufacturing technique for CIGS solar cells, in which tiny quantities of sodium and potassium are incorporated into the CIGS layer.

And Browne's own work has shown that filter - feeding mussels will consume tiny plastic particles, which then enter the animals» bloodstreams and even their cells.

Based on the pioneering work of Dr. Claire Lugassy and Dr. Raymond Barnhill at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, a new study provides additional support for a process by which melanoma cells, a deadly form of skin cancer, can spread throughout the body by creeping like tiny spiders along the outside of blood vessels without ever entering the blood stream, and that this process is exacerbated by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.

With each cell division, telomeres dwindle until they are just tiny nubs, which prompt cells to malfunction, stop replication and finally die off.

Then, she grew them into tiny balls of cells, which she called «bronchospheres.»

They have evidence that some people may be able to resist infection because previous exposure to tiny amounts of virus has stimulated a strong response from killer T cells which can destroy cells infected with virus.

Thwarting this shedding effect wouldn't stop infection or stifle the typical symptoms of RSV infection, but it might limit the virus's ability to spread into the tiniest airways, which are the most likely to be obstructed by cells shed during infection.

To test his hypothesis, he and his colleagues carried out experiments on living mammalian cells, into which they injected tiny plastic beads ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.5 microns — a range that covers most major organelles.

Prabhakar and colleagues from the University of Chicago, the Illinois Institute of Technology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (Boston), and Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore), focused on the carotid bodies, a tiny cluster of cells embedded in the left and right carotid arteries, which pass through the neck.

To understand which proteins help meiosis run smoothly, the researchers from Kyoto University's Institute for Integrated Cell - Material Sciences (iCeMS) and Tohoku University in Japan, and Imperial College in London, used a tiny worm known as Caenorhabditis elegans to look into the role of PP4.

«They tend to settle onto the cells representing the gastrointestinal tract and cause remodeling or loss of the microvilli, which are tiny projections on the surface of the intestinal absorptive cells that help to increase the surface area available for absorption,» said Mahler.

As a result, the underpowered heart cells fire weakly and chaotically, forming a tiny cluster of misfiring muscle tissue, which creates a roadblock in the heart's circuitry.

The latest version of the device, which can measure 50 to 100 cells per hour, consists of a series of SMR sensors that weigh cells as they flow through tiny channels.

Since the 1980s, scientists have pulled small objects around using so - called optical tweezers, which can grab hold of tiny objects such as cells and pull them around.

Ion channels are proteins found in a cell's membrane, which create tiny openings in the membrane that regulate the movement of specific ions.

The next species we will be looking to study is Saxifraga lolaensis, which has super tiny leaves with an organisation of cell types not seen in a leaf before, and which we think will reveal more fascinating secrets about the complexity of plants.»

The key to this power lies in their wings, which are coated with a forest of tiny pointed pillars that impale and kill bacterial cells unlucky enough to land on them.

These tiny particles, which are billionths of a meter in diameter, are specifically designed to penetrate targeted cells.

The hepatocytes are first patterned onto surfaces dotted with tiny spots of collagen, and then surrounded by supportive tissue made up of stromal cells, which act as connective tissue and support the hepatocytes in carrying out their liver functions.

The system's controller monitors the level of sunlight using a pyranometer — a single solar cell producing a tiny current which is proportional to the amount of sunlight striking it.

The transformed cells are transplanted onto plant regeneration medium, which contains nutrients and hormones that cause the tissue to grow into a tiny new plant.

In the team's demonstrations, the total power consumption of the backscatter system was 11 microwatts, which could be easily supplied by a tiny coin - cell battery for a couple of years, or powered using tiny solar cells.

Cells shuttle all sorts of materials through these channels, which consist of proteins packed around a tiny opening that is often less than a few atoms across.

An intracortical BCI uses a tiny silicon chip, just over one - sixth of an inch square, from which protrude 100 electrodes that penetrate the brain to about the thickness of a quarter and tap into the electrical activity of individual nerve cells in the motor cortex.

Using a technique that introduces tiny wrinkles into sheets of graphene, researchers from Brown University have developed new textured surfaces for culturing cells in the lab that better mimic the complex surroundings in which cells grow in the body.

Low temperatures activate the brown - fat thermogenesis process via the sympathetic nervous system: Nerve ends in brown fat tissue release the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, and that triggers a shift in metabolism within the brown fat cells, which are densely packed with tiny biological energy reactors called mitochondria.

Cells contain thousands of tiny structures called mitochondria, which generate energy and harbor their own DNA distinct from the cell's nucleus.

Chemically treating the front side of silicon cells produces tiny submicron silicon structures, which prevent light reflection and give a black appearance.

The simple process involves a special device that squeezes cells in a blood sample through tiny funnels, which drive the cancer cells and blood cells into separate streams based on differences in their size and softness.

Not many, by microbial standards — 300 cells in 1 milliliter of ice vs. 100,000 cells in seawater — but they're there, in tiny veins of liquid water that crisscross the solid ice and serve as «little houses,» Priscu said, which also contain nutrients that could feed a hungry microbe.

he body responds to tuberculosis infection by locking the bacterial offenders into tiny clusters of immune cells called granulomas, which are a hallmark of the disease.

So how does each tiny cell pack a two - meter length of DNA into its nucleus, which is just one - thousandth of a millimeter across?

In 2014, a Japanese woman in her 70s with age - related macular degeneration — a common eye condition that can lead to blindness — had a tiny sheet of retinal pigment tissue made from her own skin cells implanted into one eye, which reportedly stopped the disease's progression.

Scientists knew that somehow these tiny cell organelles become deformed and cause these diseases because of a problem related to their assembly, which requires the translocation of vast quantities of the vital cell protein tubulin.

The new research published in the journal Science Advances examined the skin cells of common dolphins for chemical clues about the length of the marine food chain, which begins with tiny plankton and continues as species eat them, and other species eat those species.

Each Organ - Chip, which is composed of a clear flexible polymer, is about the size of a AA battery and contains tiny hollow channels lined with living cells.

This had been impossible in the past because, unlike mammalian egg cells which are tiny and transclucent, a bird's egg cell is filled with opaque yolk and it is huge — this means that finding the nucleus is like looking for a white marble in a pool of milk.

An international team of scientists studying the dinosaur, called Caihong juji, made the discovery by carefully analyzing tiny melanosomes, the part of the cells that contain pigment, in the fossil, which turned up dramatic evidence of the dinosaur's flamboyant plumage.

In this trial, the therapeutic genes are transported within tiny fat bubbles, called liposomes, which can ooze through the cell membrane to deliver their genetic cargo.