Following the delineation of some of the basic principles behind bud formation, the researchers then whether they could extend this strategy beyond the liver, and create other organ buds using
tissue specific cell types.
Not exact matches
Using patient's own
tissue and
specific combination of reprogramming factors, skin fibroblasts are successfully converted to
cell type that... Continue reading Breakthrough Device Looks to Heal Organs
Current thinking regarding
type III hypersensitivity is that immune
cells within
tissues sense the presence of these immune complexes (ICs) through
specific receptor molecules and release inflammatory factors called cytokines that activate the endothelial
cells lining adjacent blood vessels to promote the recruitment of neutrophils.
All stem
cells are immature
cells known for their ability to multiply indefinitely and give rise to progenitor
cells that mature into
specific cell types that populate the body's
tissues during embryonic development.
In Arabidopsis, as in most plants, there is a
specific zone near the tip of the root where stem
cells transition from a stage of proliferation to one where they differentiate into
specific tissue types.
Techniques enabling the isolation of
specific cell populations have advanced our ability to identify and characterize niche
cell types which may be used to replace or engineer
cells /
tissue.
One theory has been that calorie restriction slows age - related degeneration and enables more efficient
tissue function by influencing the integrity and activity of adult stem
cells, the precursor
cells that dwell within
specific tissues and give rise to the diversity of
cell types that compose that
tissue.
While both species carry a core group of similar programs to regulate gene activity, the researchers found that differences appeared in
specific tissue and
cell types.
Different
types of tumors show a preference for
specific organs and
tissues; circulating breast cancer
cells, for example, are likely to take root in bones, lungs, and the brain.
iPSCs directed to differentiate into
specific cell types offer the possibility of a renewable source of replacement
cells and
tissues to treat ailments, including Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury, heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis.
A defining property of all stem
cells is that when they divide into two new
cells, they can form both stem
cells and differentiated
cells (
cells on their way to becoming a
specific type of
tissue).
Three
types of structural variations were visible in the
tissue -
specific endothelial
cell lines (Fig. 2) ⇓.
His laboratory investigates how
cell type specific differences in protein synthesis and homeostasis promote
tissue regeneration and suppress the development of cancer.
Interestingly, TSSs that were
specific to one
cell or
tissue type were more likely to change through evolution:
In this edition, we're going to take a look at a very interesting tool that can be used for creating (excuse the pun)
specific, targeted DNA modifications in transgenic animals, embryonic stem
cells, and / or
tissue -
specific cell types: Cre - lox recombination.
We can obtain iPS
cells from an individual's skin or blood and program them into different
tissue types to create patient -
specific Organ - Chips.
With the recent development of transgenic mouse models, which allow labelling and manipulation of
specific cell types, more and more emphasis has been placed on the
tissue scale: How does the collective behavior of many
cells gives rise to the architecture that is characteristic for given kind of
tissue?
In doing so,
specific cell types may activate immune responses to fine tune
cell - fate decisions at the organismal level; for instance, DNA damage in germ
cells induces an innate immune response in worms that promotes endurance of somatic
tissues to allow delay of progeny production when germ
cells are hit by DNA damage.
The collection of protocols includes the isolation and maintenance of stem
cells from various species using «conventional» and novel methods, such as derivation of ES
cells from single blastomeres, differentiation of stem
cells into
specific tissue types, isolation and maintenance of somatic stem
cells, stem
cell -
specific techniques and approaches to
tissue engineering using stem
cell derivatives.
Luckily, different
cell types tend to have different things on their surfaces, which play particular parts in their specialized roles in the
tissue, so it is a matter of identifying and targeting
cell - surface markers that are
specific to these abnormal
cell types.
During development,
cells have to integrate different
types of molecular and physical information to proliferate, and to make decisions such as whether to maintain pluripotency or trigger differentiation and acquire specialisation for
tissue -
specific functions.
Researchers had developed the technologies needed to create organoids years before — how to grow
cells in culture, how to isolate stem
cells from human
tissue, and how to coax the stem
cells, undifferentiated and immature, to become
specific types of
cells at later stages of development.
Many of the novel motifs displayed occupancy patterns that were highly
cell -
type -
specific, similar to the patterns observed among major developmental and
tissue -
specific regulators.
Living
tissues are composed of many
cell types that are arranged in a very
specific order.
Other
cells are multipotent, meaning they can generate a few different
cell types, generally in a
specific tissue or organ.
Since joining Gladstone, McDevitt's lab has created a new method to generate three - dimensional clusters of
specific types of
cells that can be used to form and maintain
tissue constructs.
Neural stem
cells are found in adult or fetal brain and spinal cord or derived from embryonic stem
cells, which have the capacity to become any
cell type in the body, or induced pluripotent stem (iPS)
cells,
tissue -
specific cells that are reprogrammed in the lab to behave like embryonic stem
cells.
Finally, the strategy applied here for selective delivery of MK801 can be extended to other small molecules for use in brain
tissue (Tian et al., 2012), allowing for an approach that combines chemistry, molecular genetics, and neurobiology to dissect
cell signaling pathways in
specific cell types in the central nervous system.
As time passes and the
cells start dividing further and further, they start specializing into becoming a
specific type of
tissue which has a
specific function, thus forming all the different parts that comprise a human.
Oxidative Free Unstable Radicals are a
specific type of molecule that can damage muscle
tissue, fats, and DNA within
cells.
This is a fundamental process which allows the body to heal and develop
specific tissues based on
cell type.
The common identifying factor in most autoimmune diseases is a destructive processes called inflammation which will eventually cause the destruction of
cells and
tissues specific to the
type of auto - immune disease he person has.
ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins
specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT - alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non
specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band
cell —
type of white blood
cell Baso basophil —
type of white blood
cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating
cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood
cell antibody test (immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure,
tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (electrical heart activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil —
type of white blood
cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound by protein measured by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver, immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup of white blood
cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood
cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red
cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed -
cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non
specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte —
type of white blood
cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red
cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed -
cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte —
type of white blood
cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced
tissue imaging) Na + sodium ion — unbound sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood
cell — immature red blood
cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed -
cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet —
cells involved in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood
cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood
cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil —
type of white blood
cell USG Urine
specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL
specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL
specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood
cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)