Understanding the factors that can
influence temperatures near the tropical lower stratosphere is important for interpreting past climate change and projecting future changes.
The warmest months of 2016 occurred in the declining phase of a strong El Niño, which
also influenced temperatures in 2015, making 2017 the warmest year on record that was not influenced by an El Niño.
12 Position on a Continent Distribution of Climate Regions Explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, ocean currents, position on a continent and mountain
barriers influence temperature, precipitation and distribution of climate.
Temperature of the water
body influences the temperature of the air above (land areas near warm water currents have warm temperatures; ocean currents traveling away from equator are warm water currents)
I would, however, argue that scientists are typically quite good at working out how to deal with these things and so the chance that UHI has
influenced the temperature datasets is, in my view, vanishingly small.
«The robustness of the analysis to the criterion for «calm» implies that the estimated overall trends are insensitive to boundary layer structure and small - scale advection, and to siting, instrumentation, and observing practices that
increasingly influence temperatures as winds become lighter.»
It comes down to the apparent judgment of almost all participants in this debate that an UHI effect exists and is probably quite significant, but the differences lay in the whether and how these UHI effects have
influenced temperature measurements at the «official» measuring sites.
As LST closely tracks air temperatures over the instrumental period, we can also infer that air temperatures in this region of East Africa varied in concert with the global average and thus were controlled primarily by the major
forcings influencing temperatures over this timescale, both natural (solar radiation, volcanism) and anthropogenic (greenhouse - gas emissions; refs 19, 20).
Such effects are able to make to vary, in the course of many centuries, the average degree of heat; because the analytic expressions contain coefficients relating to the state of the surface and which
greatly influence the temperature.
9 Distribution of Climate Regions Explain how elevation, latitude, wind systems, ocean currents, position on a continent and mountain
barriers influence temperature, precipitation and distribution of climate.
In regards to the future of the site Malcolm said it is important from the Bureaus perspective that conditions remain as constant as possible as any major changes to buildings or even trees surrounding the site can
influence the temperature readings.
8 21.1 Factors That Affect Climate Water Bodies • Large bodies of water such as lakes and oceans have an important effect on the temperature of an area because the temperature of the water
body influences the temperature of the air above it.