So 2000 cubic metres of concrete weighs about 5000 tonnes and would contain about 550
tonnes of cement (and this would release about 500 tonnes of CO2 during manufacture).
In fact, if each footing is 400 cubic metres, it will contain about 1000 tonnes of concrete, 110
tonnes of cement, and this would involve the release of about 100 tonnes of CO2 — not Sexton's 2000 tonnes!
Trump's central campaign promise, as you know, is to build a «big, beautiful, powerful wall» along the U.S. - Mexico border, which analysts at investment firm Bernstein estimate could cost anywhere between $ 15 billion and $ 25 billion, requiring 7 million cubic metres of concrete and 2.4 million
tonnes of cement, among other materials.
About 900 kg of CO2 are released during the manufacture of
each tonne of cement (see CO2 and wind turbine concrete).
The Information Unit on Climate Change, Switzerland, states that about a half a tonne of carbon dioxide is released from the roasting of the raw materials for each one
tonne of cement manufactured.
Not exact matches
The groundbreaking event
of the six million metric
tonnes per annum (mmtpa) integrated
cement plant was part
of the -LSB-...]
A new 1.5 million metric
tonnes per annum (MMTPA) Dangote
Cement Plant built at a cost
of $ 300million was commissioned in Mfila, in the Republic
of the Congo yesterday.
«The combined effects
of the standards for industrial boilers and
cement kilns is just 20 to 60 million
tonnes of CO2 a year,» Erickson says.
Global carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion and
cement production grew 2.3 per cent to a record high
of 36.1 billion
tonnes CO2 in 2013.
Emissions
of CO2 by human activities, including fossil fuel burning,
cement production, and gas flaring, amount to about 27 billion
tonnes per year (30 billion tons)-LSB-(Marland, et al., 2006)-- The reference gives the amount
of released carbon (C), rather than CO2, through 2003.].
It can be turned into100 litres
of biofuel per
tonne of algae, or as is being done at St. Mary's right now, fed back into the
cement plant to replace coal or coke.
During the 1980s, fossil fuel use and
cement manufacturing emitted an average
of 5.4 billion (5,400 million)
tonnes of carbon (in the form
of CO2) per year.
Since 1750, we have emitted about 580 billion
tonnes of carbon into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, cutting down forests and making
cement.
For every
tonne of fly ash used for a
tonne of portland
cement (the most common type
of cement in general use around the world) approximately one
tonne of carbon dioxide is prevented from entering the earth's atmosphere.
EUAs are the carbon allowances that serve as the unit
of compliance under the European emissions - trading scheme (EU - ETS), with each EUA entitling the energy - intensive industries covered by the scheme — mainly power generators, steel companies,
cement companies, and oil refiners — to emit one
tonne of CO2.
Accordingly, the 440 billion
tonnes we can still emit over the next few years and stay under the trillion -
tonne limit needs to be reduced from 440 to 270 billion
tonnes of fossil fuel,
cement and land use emissions, a reduction
of some 40 %.
According to the trillionthtonne.org website, humans have already emitted 561 billion
tonnes of carbon from fossil fuels,
cement production and land use changes.
However, CCS removes some 300 billion
tonnes of carbon, giving an overall accumulation
of 1.25 trillion
tonnes by 2100 (current accumulation plus fossil use to 2100 plus land use change and
cement).
This equates to the use
of total current fossil energy reserves
of about 900 billion
tonnes of carbon equivalent (the balance comes from the use
of cement and land use change).
Professor Acda is quoted as saying his composite boards, which he hopes to have perfected by the end
of the year, would be «resistant to insect infestation such as termites because the feathers are inedible,» as well as suggesting they'd be less flammable and combustible when compared to conventional
cement and wood - fibre composite boards.Seems like he has plenty
of raw material to work with given that the Philippines poultry industry is said to dump 2.4 million
tonnes of feathers annually, mostly through burning and burial.
The huge advantage
of joining the Browns is that several years from now you won't have to remove any
of those 1000
tonne cement slabs, with wiring and metal reinforcing, which are used as bases for wind turbines.
In 2010, emissions from fossil fuel burning, production
of cement, forest clearance and other factors, reached a record 10 billion
tonnes.