Still
another took snow samples to measure black carbon, a component of particulate matter that absorbs sunlight and can speed glacial melt.
Fierz and Baunach will
take snow samples from their boxes every 12 hours, as the snow's temperature rises from minus four to 30 degrees Fahrenheit.
Not exact matches
At the same time as the aircraft were
taking measurements, Creamean and her colleagues also
took samples of the precipitation on the ground and analyzed them to see whether that dust was in the rain or
snow landing in the mountains.
The researchers studied water
samples taken during cruises by Chinese ice breaker XueLong, (meaning «
snow dragon») in summer 2008 and 2010 from the upper ocean of the Arctic's marginal seas to the basins as far north as 88 degrees latitude, just below the North Pole, as well as data from three other cruises.
He found them in all 19
samples, including
snow taken from Montana in the dead of winter, when there is almost no deciduous vegetation, and even in
samples from Antarctica.
The researchers worked on sites in the Arctic and Antarctic and
took precautions to limit the impact of sunlight and wind, using tarpaulins to protect their
sample sites and positioning themselves on the middle of a glacier away from soil and other forms of polar wildlife which might contaminate the
snow.
Some other climate «scientists» also say that air bubbles trapped in glacial ice are reliable
samples of air composition at the time the
snow fell, even though it
takes decades for the air to become trapped in the bubbles.
Critique 1) I have no idea about any cleansing, homogenisation or aggregation performed on this data prior to its presentation by Rutgers 2)
Snow extent is only 1 part of the issue, thickness and mass would need to be considered for a full picture 3) I haven't
taken care to provide exactly similar
sample sizes, however the F and t methods do not require it 4) I haven't
taken care to ensure that the same number of winter periods are present in each
sample batch; this would increase the risk of a false positive and would have required further investigation if a weak indication of significance had been detected.
To figure this out will
take direct
sampling of the ice sheet; Box is already organizing an expedition, dubbed The Dark
Snow Project, for 2013, to the ice sheet to get these
samples.