Sentences with phrase «total albedo»

The total albedo of clean glacier ice is around 60 %, compared to 72 % for clean melting snow.

Palle et al (cited elsewhere here) have shown that the total albedo has decreased over the period 1985 - 2000, while cloud cover also decreased (resulting in global warming), and has reversed itself since then, with increased cloud cover.

Indeed as as MarkW has said the extension during the austral winter of the surface of the antarctic ice up to 20 M km ² and 60 ° S would deserve a computation of the total albedo of (floating ice + snow cover)(over the southern and the northern hemispheres), with due account of the elevation of the Sun and of the clouds.

It goes on to say «hence their total albedo is about constant» implying that the ice area is all that is needed to determine albedo.

The sum of the surfaces of the Arctic and Antarctic icepacks is about constant, their trends are phase - opposite; hence their total albedo is about constant.

On net, it will have a greater impact on total albedo than does arctic ice.

Even if the total albedo remained the same (highly unlikely) they are allowing heat to be absorbed north of the southern ice extent.

If low clouds have different IR emissivity than the high ones then they may change climate via cosmic ray modulation even if total albedo is the same.

From the figures I took an average value of 0.45 — but, hey, if you prefer to assume 0.35, that's OK, because it will not change the conclusion that the observed Arctic sea ice melt has not appreciably changed our planet's total albedo, and that a very small change in cloud cover would have a far greater effect.

Not exact matches

This is in contrast to the Bond albedo, which describes the total amount of energy reflected across all wavelengths and always falls in the range of 0 to 1.

Previous modeling studies find that GHG make up roughly 50 % of the total LGM to present temperature response (see e.g. Broccoli & Manabe), the other part being albedo etc that respond to the seasonal cycle of irradiance.

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1) total absorbed solar radiation on the order of 1e27J / yr from total incident radiation times (1 - bond albedo)

Then, one can presumably decompose this «total forcing» into its components which might include WV feedbacks, cloud feedbacks, surface albedo feedbacks etc..

You seem to hold to those arguments that all this heat increase in the total system since the late 1800s has come at least mostly from a never - ending increase of heat into the system via either a posited increased output from the sun or a posited decreased albedo.

So for example deglaciation warmed global mean temps by about 5 C over 10k years with a radiative forcing of about 6.5 W / m2 (total of both GHG increases and albedo decreases).

Inceasing oxygen (for example form 20.9 to 30 percent) in my opinion would: Increasing scattering and so albedo, lowering temperature Increasing total pressure, broadening of absorption lines, rising temperature Increasing adiabate slope, rising SAT directly but decreasing water vapor, total effect??

This changes the albedo of the planet significantly, reducing total insolation and resulting in cooling.

But by changing the planet's albedo through a large seasonal variation, the total insolation is changed — more sunlight is reflected back into space without being absorbed as heat.

The changes in total insolation resulting from spreading ice (and the accompanying change in albedo) by themselves are no where near enough to drop temperatures by the amount needed.

Ian, I'm guessing, probably because the total area of the atmosphere and Arctic ice, where albedo makes a large difference, is so much larger than the total area on which people can paint things with reflective paint (even if we get paint the exact «color» of the infrared bands in which the atmosphere is transparent — «Hello paint store?

Since clouds are water vapor and are a large portion of both albedo and DWLR they are responses to total available TSI not average.

Surface albedo, contrails and stratospheric water vapour RFs are included in the total curve but not in the others.

However, even a smaller figure (I had calculated about 0.17 W / m ^ 2 based on your inflated figure for total planetary albedo, but you can check it out) is still significant when compared with the total flux imbalance, which I think is a more informative comparison than an arbitrarily selected change in cloud cover, because it compares the sea ice reduction with the effects of all climate variations that have been operating in recent years..

Not much was said about the other three channels, Band A the total radiation channel out to 100 microns, Band B which monitors the total solar light reflected from the earth (albedo) and Band C which captures the NIR solar reflected out to 4 microns.

Total global snow / ice / albedo effects of course encompass far more than the Arctic sea.

Cloud variations are obviously an important element on a global scale, but the effects of Arctic ice melting are important locally and also a non-trivial fraction of global albedo feedbacks, which are a contributor to total feedback that is smaller than those from water vapor and probably from cloud feedbacks, but not insignificant.

6) The main cloud bands move more poleward to regions where solar insolation is less intense and total global albedo declines via a reduction in global cloud cover due to shorter lines of air mass mixing.

There the temperature is independent of albedo and the total radiation leaving equals that of a black body at ~ 4.2 C degrees.

16) The main cloud bands move more equatorward to regions where insolation is more intense and total global albedo increases once more due to longer lines of air mass mixing.

By removing cloudiness from total cloud albedo, IPCC makes cloud albedo into a specific reflectivity per unit cloud area.

With common units for specific cloud albedo and total cloud albedo, the reader can't tell which the information is, whether it includes cloud cover or not, and such is the case with Dessler's paper.

The size and intensity of the polar vortexes then has an effect on the latitudinal position of the jetstreams which then alters total cloud quantities (and reflectance) so as to alter global albedo and thereby alter solar energy input to the oceans.

The total energy required to melt the ice from winter to summer with either ice albedo or seawater albedo should be relatively independent of season.

In order to determine the solar contribution, we have to start with the solar radiative forcing, which is the change in total solar irradiance (TSI) in Watts per square meter (W / m2) divided by 4 to account for spherical geometry, and multiplied by 0.7 to account for planetary albedo (Meehl 2002).

It should also be noted here that approximately 20 % of the total earth energy imbalance results from the albedo change of a melting polar ice cap.

But the «total power the earth receives from the sun» would still be less, if the higher albedo from a increased area polar icecap were taken into account.

Using the above stated values for the albedos and snow and ice coverage, total disappearance of the snow and ice fields would reduce the Earth's reflectance by only 5 percent.

«his refusal to calculate a total year energy balance» - At this stage, no such calculation can be made, because I have calculated in detail only the changes in the incoming energy (the insolation) as a function of time - of - year and latitude; I have estimated also the effect upon the insolation absorption through a change in the Arctic albedo.

IPCC AR4 WG1 tells us that the all anthropogenic forcing components except CO2 (aerosols, other GHGs, land use changes, other changes in surface albedo, etc.) have essentially cancelled one another out, so we can use the estimated radiative forcing for CO2 (1.66 W / m ^ 2) to equate with total net anthropogenic forcing (1.6 W / m ^ 2).

To compute the effect of the interaction of changing seasonal insolation and albedo, he uses albedo data from NASA's Terra satelite, finding a total of 3.674 x 10 ^ 24 Joules of solar energy absorbed over the Gaussian year (equivalent to 228.25 W / m ^ 2 averaged over the globe.

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=83672 http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/13/science/earth/collapse-of-parts-of-west-antarctica-ice-sheet-has-begun-scientists-say.html It will add about 10 feet according to an interview with one of the scientists involved; but over a long time and fairly vague time frame, unless reinforcing processes (carbon release from melting permafrost, shallow ocean bottom warmingn in the form of methane from clathrates), a major reduction in earth's albedo from permafrost, net ice sheet, and total sea ice, continue to increasingly accelerate the process.

When I do this computation, the result is that the total absorbed solar energy is 3.652 x 10 ^ 24 joules, and the average terrestrial albedo 0.332.

Water vapor just responds as do albedo and other things to the total forcing.

There are three main components to this total forcing, of roughly equal magnitude: land ice albedo, land elevation and WMGHGs.

Thus if the two mid latitude jets move equatorward at the same time as the ITCZ moves closer to the equator the combined effect on global albedo and the amount of solar energy able to penetrate the oceans will be substantial and would dwarf the other proposed effects on albedo from changes in cosmic ray intensity generating changes in cloud totals as per Svensmark and from suggested changes caused in upper cloud quantities by changes in atmospheric chemistry involving ozone which various other climate sceptics propose.

The main cloud bands move more poleward to regions where solar insolation is less intense so total global albedo decreases.

Try this for size: http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/phyopt/albedo.html Includes this «The bond albedo is the total radiation reflected from an object compared to the total incident radiation from the Sun.

For example, the global average effect of any change in albedo from using solar power would be rather small in comparison to mitigation of climate change if that solar power is used (to displace fossil fuels) for a sufficient time period (example: if a 10 % efficient PV panel with zero albedo (reflectivity for solar (SW) radiation) covered ground with an albedo of 25 — 30 %, the ratio of total increased heating to electricity generation would be similar to that of many fuel - combusting or fission - powered power plants (setting aside inverter and grid efficiency, etc., but still it would be similar).

The Canadian boreal forests, which occupy about 30 % of the boreal forests worldwide and 77 % of Canada's total forested land, play a critical role in the albedo of Earth's surface5 and in its global carbon budget6.