The poster suggests that you calculate
the total average cloud forcing error over a block of time, not the error in the change in cloud forcing, for which the units would be W / m ^ 2 / year.
Not exact matches
«Global mean time series of surface - and satellite - observed low - level and
total cloud cover exhibit very large discrepancies, however, implying that artifacts exist in one or both data sets... The surface - observed low - level
cloud cover time series
averaged over the global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 and 1997.
Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3319160060 The BACC II Author Team
averaged frequency of extreme 1 - day precipitation
totals above 15 mm and a... 4.6 Cloudiness and Solar Radiation 4.6.1 Cloudiness Records of cloudiness and solar... There is a trend of decreasing
cloud cover over the Baltic Sea basin......
Since
clouds are water vapor and are a large portion of both albedo and DWLR they are responses to
total available TSI not
average.
... Conclusions Since 1950, global
average temperature anomalies have been driven firstly, from 1950 to 1987, by a sustained shift in ENSO conditions, by reductions in
total cloud cover (1987 to late 1990s) and then a shift from low
cloud to mid and high - level
cloud, with both changes in
cloud cover being very widespread.
It's the
average annual long wave
cloud forcing error in the simulated
total cloud fraction.
Whatever the change in
cloud forcing, the
average error in the
total long wave
cloud forcing is (+ / --RRB- 4 Wm ^ -2.
From the figures I took an
average value of 0.45 — but, hey, if you prefer to assume 0.35, that's OK, because it will not change the conclusion that the observed Arctic sea ice melt has not appreciably changed our planet's
total albedo, and that a very small change in
cloud cover would have a far greater effect.
Figure 2: Ice number size distributions as simulated (dendrites in red, aggregates in blue,
total average in yellow) and observed (black and green, from different instrument combinations) within
cloud (left) and below
cloud (right).
Total cloud cover detrended standardized anomalies averaged over the entire NARR domain; total cloud cover detrended standard anomalies averaged over continental landmass; total cloud cover detrended standard anomalies averaged over oceans; sun spot number and 10.7 cm solar radio flux; GCR neutron monitors; the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation; the Multivariate El Nino Southern Oscillation; the North Atlantic Oscillation; and the Pacific Decadal Oscilla
Total cloud cover detrended standardized anomalies
averaged over the entire NARR domain;
total cloud cover detrended standard anomalies averaged over continental landmass; total cloud cover detrended standard anomalies averaged over oceans; sun spot number and 10.7 cm solar radio flux; GCR neutron monitors; the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation; the Multivariate El Nino Southern Oscillation; the North Atlantic Oscillation; and the Pacific Decadal Oscilla
total cloud cover detrended standard anomalies
averaged over continental landmass;
total cloud cover detrended standard anomalies averaged over oceans; sun spot number and 10.7 cm solar radio flux; GCR neutron monitors; the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation; the Multivariate El Nino Southern Oscillation; the North Atlantic Oscillation; and the Pacific Decadal Oscilla
total cloud cover detrended standard anomalies
averaged over oceans; sun spot number and 10.7 cm solar radio flux; GCR neutron monitors; the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation; the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation; the Multivariate El Nino Southern Oscillation; the North Atlantic Oscillation; and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation.
Deseasonalized, detrended
cloud cover standardized anomalies were obtained by applying a 12 - month boxcar moving
average for the respective
cloud levels (low, medium, high, and
total).
The ISCCP shows an increase in globally
averaged total cloud cover of about 2 % from 1983 to 1987, followed by a decline of about 4 % from 1987 to 2001.
«Global mean time series of surface - and satellite - observed low - level and
total cloud cover exhibit very large discrepancies, however, implying that artifacts exist in one or both data sets... The surface - observed low - level
cloud cover time series
averaged over the global ocean appears suspicious because it reports a very large 5 % - sky - cover increase between 1952 and 1997.