If this is the case, it would explain both the low value of
the total bolometric flare energy (as the absolute luminosity of the superflare stars and thus
the total bolometric flare energy would be larger) and the S index (as the light entering the fibre would likely be contaminated and the observed emission in the H and K lines would therefore be relatively small).
This problem was discussed by Balona66, who used an analysis of
the total bolometric flare energy to conclude that it is unlikely that the observation of superflares on A-type stars can be attributed to contamination.
Not exact matches
Most importantly, the
bolometric fluxes and angular radii reported here for a
total of 498 planet host stars - with median accuracies of 1.7 % and 1.8 %, respectively - serve as a fundamental dataset to permit the re-determination of transiting planet radii and masses with the Gaia second data release to ~ 3 % and ~ 5 % accuracy, better than currently published precisions, and determined in an entirely empirical fashion.
On January 13, 2003, a team of astronomers (including Ralf - Dieter Scholz, Mark McCaughrean, Nicolas Lodieu, and Bjoern Kuhlbrodt) announced the discovery of a brown dwarf companion «b» — now re-designated «ba» — to this nearby star with a
total (
bolometric) luminosity of just 0.002 percent that of the Sun (ESO and AIP joint press release and API press release in German — more below).