Sentences with phrase «total cholesterol concentrations»

Fifty million Americans are hypertensive; 11 million have type 2 diabetes, and 37 million adults maintain high - risk total cholesterol concentrations (> 240 mg / dL)(15).

367 D IETARY, FUNCTIONAL, AND TOTAL FIBER total cholesterol concentrations averaged 23 percent lower on the high fat, Bengal gram diet than on the high fat diet alone.

«Whole - grain intake and statin use were also significantly linked with healthier total cholesterol / HDL - cholesterol ratios and total cholesterol concentrations,» she added.

They found that «there were no significant changes in total cholesterol concentrations» with a lot of variation within subjects.

The lower blood cholesterol concentrations observed in adult life in exclusively breastfed infants in the present review raise the possibility that exposure to breast milk [which is associated with a short - term increase in total cholesterol concentrations in infancy of ≈ 0.6 mmol / L (10)-RSB-, may have long - term effects on blood cholesterol concentrations later in life (42).

In a meta - regression analysis, the mean differences between feeding groups observed in each study were unrelated to the mean total cholesterol concentrations in that study (P = 0.42).

As compared with the ADA diet, the high - fiber diet resulted in a lower fasting plasma total cholesterol concentration (by 6.7 percent, P = 0.02), a lower plasma triglyceride concentration (by 10.2 percent, P = 0.02), and a lower plasma VLDL cholesterol concentration (by 12.5 percent, P = 0.01)(Table 4).

In a prospective, randomized, controlled trial with a low fat and a low fat plus high Dietary Fiber groups, the group consuming high Dietary Fiber exhibited a greater average reduction (13 percent) in serum total cholesterol concentration than the low fat (9 percent) and the usual diet (7 percent) groups (Anderson et al., 1992a).

After 21 days, oat bran signifi - cantly decreased serum total cholesterol concentration by 12.8 percent; however, there was no effect with wheat bran.

Not exact matches

Elevated concentrations of circulating blood cholesterol in adult life (total and LDL cholesterol in particular) are strong and reversible risk factors for CHD in adulthood (2, 3).

Meta - regression was also used to establish whether mean concentrations of total cholesterol in each study had any effect on mean differences between feeding groups.

A deficiency of Vitamin B3 causes a disease called pellagra but niacin has been used for over 50 years to lower total cholesterol levels while raising HDL cholesterol concentrations.

While they found that both «diets were equally effective in reducing body weight and insulin resistance» and «reductions in total and LDL - cholesterol concentrations did not differ significantly by group... several participants following the [ketogenic] diet had marked increases in LDL cholesterol.»

Total cholesterol, HDL - cholesterol, and LDL - cholesterol concentrations were essentially unchanged with the high - protein diet.

Furthermore, the triacylglycerol concentration decreased, and the total cholesterol and HDL - and LDL - cholesterol fractions were unchanged; however, these data must be interpreted with caution because some subjects were taking medications for lipid control.

Another study examining the effects the different lipids in terms of heart disease risk found that «triglyceride concentration was not independently related with CHD risk after controlling for HDL - C, non — HDL - C, and other standard risk factors, including null findings in women and under nonfasting conditions.21, 22 Hence, for population - wide assessment of vascular risk, triglyceride measurement provides no additional information about vascular risk given knowledge of HDL - C and total cholesterol levels, although there may be separate reasons to measure triglyceride concentration (eg, prevention of pancreatitis).»

In obese subjects, a modified 8 - 10 week alternate - day fasting regimen resulted in weight loss, reduced blood pressure and heart rate, and improved markers for cardiovascular health, such as decreased total cholesterol, decreased LDL and triglycerides, increased HDL concentrations and decreased oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, suggesting that alternate - day fasting might be a novel strategy for decreasing body weight and improving cardiovascular health in the obese population (64,68).

Furthermore, the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, which reduces saturated fat to 7 % and emphasizes an increase in complex carbohydrates rather than simple carbohydrates, lowered total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol without increasing triglyceride concentrations (77).

The intake of 60 g / d of resistant maltodextrin was shown to reduce serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in type 2 diabetics as compared with type 2 diabetics or healthy adults who consumed 30 g / d of resistant maltodextrin (Ohkuma and Wakabayashi, 2001).

In addition, viscous Functional Fibers such as guar, pectin, and psyllium, have been tested in intervention trials and found to decrease serum total and low density lipo - protein (LDL) cholesterol concentration in most studies.

A meta - analysis testing the effects of pectin, oat bran, guar gum, and psyllium on blood lipid concentrations showed that 2 to 10 g / d of viscous fiber were associated with small but significant decreases in total and LDL cholesterol concentrations (Brown et al., 1999).

Resistant starch decreases serum total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in rats.

After a 6 - month follow - up period, psyllium combined with diet modification was shown to reduce LDL cholesterol concentrations by 10.6 to 13.2 percent and total choles -

Total plasma and LDL cholesterol concentrations were lower in the oat bran concentrate period (9 g / d of viscous fiber) than in the white bread period.

Hypercholesterolemic individuals consuming 114 g / d of a psyllium - flake cereal for 6 weeks showed significantly lower serum total and LDL cholesterol concentrations than those consuming the same amount of wheat - bran flake cereal (Anderson et al., 1992b).

In contrast, the higher saturated fat intake raised concentrations of larger, more cholesterol - enriched LDL particles, thus offsetting the reduction in total LDL concentrations that was observed with lower saturated fat intake (8)(Figure 1).

Serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and LDL cholesterol did not change dur - ing this period; however, concentrations of HDL cholesterol decreased (Saku et al., 1991).

When 12 g / d of pectin was taken with meals for 3 weeks, there was a mean decrease in total serum cholesterol concentration of 0.48 Â ± 0.18 mmol / L (Durrington et al., 1976).

For example, when type 2 diabetics were provided guar gum (21 g / d) for 3 months, the mean serum total and LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower than controls (Aro et al., 1981).

However, total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations were significantly decreased (Jenkins et al., 2002).

In a similar metabolic ward study of 10 hypercholesterolemic men, oat bran and bean diets decreased both serum total and LDL cholesterol concentrations by 23 percent after 3 weeks on the test diets (Anderson et al., 1984a).

In a 3 - week intervention that provided 21 g / d of psyllium, total, LDL, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were all significantly reduced (Abraham and Mehta, 1988).

The different viscous fibers reduced serum total and LDL cholesterol concentrations by similar amounts.

Summary of the Intervention Trials Viscous Functional Fibers and foods sources of viscous Dietary Fiber reduce both total and LDL cholesterol concentrations, and may also reduce serum triglycerides.

Psyllium decreased plasma concentrations of total cholesterol by 5.6 percent and LDL cholesterol by 8.6 percent; concentrations were unchanged in the cellulose group.

Studies of atherogenic lipoprotein concentrations and properties have raised questions about the benefit of lowering saturated fat intakes by increasing carbohydrate intake, which can induce atherogenic dyslipidemia, and the benefit of increasing monounsaturated fat intakes, which does not lead to improvements in the properties of LDL particles that are associated with atherosclerosis in animal models, although substitution with monounsaturated fat rather than carbohydrate has been shown to reduce the ratio of total and LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol.

When healthy, normolipidemic individuals were given glucose or 30 g / d of RS3 supplements for 3 weeks, there were no significant differences in fasting serum total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol concentrations or triacylglycerol concentrations (Heijnen et al., 1996).

During the cereal - plus - diet phase of the study, total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in the psyllium - enriched cereal group decreased by 5.9 and 5.7 percent, respectively.

Although much of the early work on the link between diet and CVD focused primarily on dietary fats and their effect on total and LDL - cholesterol concentrations, there are many other dietary elements that can operate synergistically to promote atherosclerosis.

MUFA has, however, been associated with higher HDL cholesterol concentrations, 15,30 ⇓ reflected in lower total: HDL cholesterol and LDL: HDL cholesterol ratios, as potentially important predictors of cardiovascular risk.21 Higher SFA intakes in exchange for carbohydrate in the DELTA (Dietary Effects on Lipoproteins and Thrombogenic Activity) study were associated with a lower Lp (a) level, 31 an effect associated in the present study with higher MUFA intakes.

ACT - activated clotting time (bleeding disorders) ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone (adrenal gland function) Ag - antigen test for proteins specific to a disease causing organism or virus Alb - albumin (liver, kidney and intestinal disorders) Alk - Phos, ALP alkaline phosphatase (liver and adrenal disorders) Allergy Testing intradermal or blood antibody test for allergen hypersensitivity ALT - alanine aminotransferase (liver disorder) Amyl - amylase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) ANA - antinuclear antibody (systemic lupus erythematosus) Anaplasmosis Anaplasma spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) APTT - activated partial thromboplastin time (blood clotting ability) AST - aspartate aminotransferase (muscle and liver disorders) Band band cell — type of white blood cell Baso basophil — type of white blood cell Bile Acids digestive acids produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder (liver function) Bili bilirubin (bile pigment responsible for jaundice from liver disease or RBC destruction) BP - blood pressure measurement BUN - blood urea nitrogen (kidney and liver function) Bx biopsy C & S aerobic / anaerobic bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity test (infection, drug selection) Ca +2 calcium ion — unbound calcium (parathyroid gland function) CBC - complete blood count (all circulating cells) Chol cholesterol (liver, thyroid disorders) CK, CPK creatine [phospho] kinase (muscle disease, heart disease) Cl - chloride ion — unbound chloride (hydration, blood pH) CO2 - carbon dioxide (blood pH) Contrast Radiograph x-ray image using injected radiopaque contrast media Cortisol hormone produced by the adrenal glands (adrenal gland function) Coomb's anti- red blood cell antibody test (immune - mediated hemolytic anemia) Crea creatinine (kidney function) CRT - capillary refill time (blood pressure, tissue perfusion) DTM - dermatophyte test medium (ringworm — dermatophytosis) EEG - electroencephalogram (brain function, epilepsy) Ehrlichia Ehrlichia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) EKG, ECG - electrok [c] ardiogram (electrical heart activity, heart arryhthmia) Eos eosinophil — type of white blood cell Fecal, flotation, direct intestinal parasite exam FeLV Feline Leukemia Virus test FIA Feline Infectious Anemia: aka Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasma, Haemobartonella felis test FIV Feline Immunodeficiency Virus test Fluorescein Stain fluorescein stain uptake of cornea (corneal ulceration) fT4, fT4ed, freeT4ed thyroxine hormone unbound by protein measured by equilibrium dialysis (thyroid function) GGT gamma - glutamyltranferase (liver disorders) Glob globulin (liver, immune system) Glu blood or urine glucose (diabetes mellitus) Gran granulocytes — subgroup of white blood cells Hb, Hgb hemoglobin — iron rich protein bound to red blood cells that carries oxygen (anemia, red cell mass) HCO3 - bicarbonate ion (blood pH) HCT, PCV, MHCT hematocrit, packed - cell volume, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) K + potassium ion — unbound potassium (kidney disorders, adrenal gland disorders) Lipa lipase enzyme — non specific (pancreatitis) LYME Borrelia spp. (tick - borne rickettsial disease) Lymph lymphocyte — type of white blood cell MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (anemia, iron deficiency) MCV mean corpuscular volume — average red cell size (anemia, iron deficiency) Mg +2 magnesium ion — unbound magnesium (diabetes, parathyroid function, malnutrition) MHCT, HCT, PCV microhematocrit, hematocrit, packed - cell volume (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) MIC minimum inhibitory concentration — part of the C&S that determines antimicrobial selection Mono monocyte — type of white blood cell MRI magnetic resonance imaging (advanced tissue imaging) Na + sodium ion — unbound sodium (dehydration, adrenal gland disease) nRBC nucleated red blood cell — immature red blood cell (bone marrow damage, lead toxicity) PCV, HCT, MHCT packed - cell volume, hematocrit, microhematocrit (hemoconcentration, dehydration, anemia) PE physical examination pH urine pH (urinary tract infection, urolithiasis) Phos phosphorus (kidney disorders, ketoacidosis, parathyroid function) PLI pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (pancreatitis) PLT platelet — cells involved in clotting (bleeding disorders) PT prothrombin time (bleeding disorders) PTH parathyroid hormone, parathormone (parathyroid function) Radiograph x-ray image RBC red blood cell count (anemia) REL Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever / Ehrlichia / Lyme combination test Retic reticulocyte — immature red blood cell (regenerative vs. non-regenerative anemia) RMSF Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever SAP serum alkaline phosphatase (liver disorders) Schirmer Tear Test tear production test (keratoconjunctivitis sicca — dry eye,) Seg segmented neutrophil — type of white blood cell USG Urine specific gravity (urine concentration, kidney function) spec cPL specific canine pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test spec fPL specific feline pancreatic lipase (pancreatitis)-- replaces the PLI test T4 thyroxine hormone — total (thyroid gland function) TLI trypsin - like immunoreactivity (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency) TP total protein (hydration, liver disorders) TPR temperature / pulse / respirations (physical exam vital signs) Trig triglycerides (fat metabolism, liver disorders) TSH thyroid stimulating hormone (thyroid gland function) UA urinalysis (kidney function, urinary tract infection, diabetes) Urine Cortisol - Crea Ratio urine cortisol - creatine ratio (screening test for adrenal gland disease) Urine Protein - Crea Ratio urine protein - creatinine ratio (kidney disorders) VWF VonWillebrands factor (bleeding disorder) WBC white blood cell count (infection, inflammation, bone marrow suppression)