Sentences with phrase «total emissions given»

Facing a tide of municipal anti-drive-thru ordinances, TDL commissioned a study last year from RWDI consultants, based in Guelph, Ont., comparing total emissions given off by customers» cars that use drive - thrus and those that use parking lots.

Not exact matches

Even if the ambitious targets of the world's biggest economies are met, and internal combustion engines give way to electric or other zero - emission vehicles by 2040, the total impact on global carbon dioxide emissions will be minimal, according to a new study released Tuesday.

However, given that most of Young's statements have equated the oil sands with the oil sands mining operations around Fort Mc Murray, it's worth noting that the mining (and upgrading) of bitumen contributed 32 Mt CO2 emissions to Canada's total in 2011, and that emissions from mining operations are expected to stay well below those of personal vehicles for some time.

They do not emit tailpipe pollutants, giving a large reduction of local air pollution, and, can give a significant reduction in total greenhouse gas and other emissions (dependent on the method used for electricity generation).

Although a total logging ban could eliminate carbon emissions altogether in any given forest, Ellis says this would lead to emissions elsewhere.

Three approaches were used to evaluate the outstanding «carbon budget» (the total amount of CO2 emissions compatible with a given global average warming) for 1.5 °C: re-assessing the evidence provided by complex Earth System Models, new experiments with an intermediate - complexity model, and evaluating the implications of current ranges of uncertainty in climate system properties using a simple model.

The consequences of the three other scenarios, which range as high as total carbon emissions of 5,120 billion tons, are substantially greater and should be considered «increasingly likely» given contemporary growth in carbon emissions, according to the report.

By charting the energy distribution of the detected positrons, an inspector could estimate how much of the total antineutrino emission was from a given fuel type in a reactor's core.

Stop by our dealership or give us a call for more information., WHEEL WIDTH: 7, ABS AND DRIVELINE TRACTION CONTROL, FUEL CONSUMPTION: HIGHWAY: 23 MPG, RADIO DATA SYSTEM, FRONT SHOULDER ROOM: 66.0, CRUISE CONTROL, 4 DOOR, URETHANE STEERING WHEEL TRIM, REAR SHOULDER ROOM: 65.7, FRONT SPLIT - BENCH, FRONT LEG ROOM: 41.0, VIDEO MONITOR LOCATION: FRONT, TIRES: SPEED RATING: S,TILT - ADJUSTABLE STEERING WHEEL, SEATBELT PRETENSIONERS: FRONT, TOTAL NUMBER OF SPEAKERS: 6,FOLD - UP CUSHION REAR SEATS, CHROME BUMPERS, FRONT HEAD ROOM: 41.0, ELECTRIC POWER STEERING, DOOR REINFORCEMENT: SIDE - IMPACT DOOR BEAM, TIRES: PREFIX: P, SILVER ALUMINUM RIMS, POWER REMOTE DRIVER MIRROR ADJUSTMENT, TRANSMISSION GEAR SHIFTING CONTROLS ON STEERING WHEEL, CHROME GRILLE, VARIABLE INTERMITTENT FRONT WIPERS, MANUAL CHILD SAFETY LOCKS, TIRES: PROFILE: 70, BRAKING ASSIST, URETHANE SHIFT KNOB TRIM, TIRES: WIDTH: 265 MM, LEFT REAR PASSENGER DOOR TYPE: CONVENTIONAL, FRONT VENTILATED DISC BRAKES, HEATED PASSENGER MIRROR, REAR DOOR TYPE: TAILGATE, HEATED DRIVER MIRROR, VEHICLE EMISSIONS: ULEV II, POWER REMOTE PASSENGER MIRROR ADJUSTMENT, REAR BENCH, WHEEL DIAMETER: 17, DRIVER AIRBAG, INDEPENDENT FRONT SUSPENSION CLASSIFICATION, SHORT AND LONG ARM FRONT SUSPENSION, OVERALL LENGTH: 229.0, COIL FRONT SPRING, REAR CENTER SEATBELT: 3 - POINT BELT, FRONT HIP ROOM: 63.2, PASSENGER AIRBAG, ENGINE IMMOBILIZER, TRANSMISSION HILL HOLDER, EXTERNAL TEMPERATURE DISPLAY, SIDE AIRBAG, PASSENGER VANITY MIRRORS, FUEL CONSUMPTION: CITY: 16 MPG, AUXILLIARY ENGINE COOLER, 1 ST AND 2ND ROW CURTAIN HEAD AIRBAGS, DUSK SENSING HEADLIGHTS, REMOTE POWER DOOR LOCKS, DIAMETER OF TIRES: 17.0, WHEELBASE: 140.0, AM / FM / SATELLITE RADIO, RIGHT REAR PASSENGER DOOR TYPE: CONVENTIONAL, MANUAL FRONT AIR CONDITIONING,METAL - LOOK DOOR TRIM, COMPASS, CUPHOLDERS: FRONT AND REAR, POWER WINDOWS, TWO 12V DC POWER OUTLETS, LIFTGATE WINDOW: POWER, FUEL CAPACITY: 26.0 GAL., CRUISE CONTROLS ON STEERING WHEEL, STEEL SPARE WHEEL RIM, COIL REAR SPRING, OVERALL WIDTH: 79.4, FLOOR MATS: CARPET FRONT AND REAR, CLOTH SEAT UPHOLSTERY, AUXILLIARY TRANSMISSION COOLER, INSTRUMENTATION: LOW FUEL LEVEL, RIGID AXLE REAR SUSPENSION, STABILITY CONTROL,4 - WHEEL ABS BRAKES, UCONNECT W / BLUETOOTH WIRELESS PHONE CONNECTIVITY, CLOCK: IN - RADIO DISPLAY, HEADLIGHTS OFF AUTO DELAY, PRIVACY GLASS: DEEP, TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM: TIRE SPECIFIC, SUSPENSION CLASS: REGULAR, FIXED ANTENNA, REGULAR FRONT STABILIZER BAR, DIGITAL AUDIO INPUT, REAR STABILIZER BAR: REGULAR, GROSS VEHICLE WEIGHT: 6,800 LBS.

This was apparent when the total emissions I came up with differed with the number given in the paper.

A variety of scientific methods are being used across the various studies, including approaches that measure emissions directly at the source and those that use airplanes or towers equipped with sensors to measure total emissions in a given area.

2.5 to 5 x10 ^ 14 kilos, giving total CO2 emissions of between 7 and 14 x10 ^ 14 kilos.

Assuming the source was all the desertification of the Sahara (a very brave leap of faith given the HN cooling over the period), that would make the total desertification of the Sahara, a plot of land of not inconsiderable size, worth 14 years of our emissions.

Given the total irrelevance of volcanic aerosols during the period in question, the only very modest effect of fossil fuel emissions and the many inconsistencies governing the data pertaining to solar irradiance, it seems clear that climate science has no meaningful explanation for the considerable warming trend we see in the earlier part of the 20th century — and if that's the case, then there is no reason to assume that the warming we see in the latter part of that century could not also be due to either some as yet unknown natural force, or perhaps simply random drift.

Thus, the concept of an emissions budget is very useful to get the message across that the amount of CO2 that we can still emit in total (not per year) is limited if we want to stabilise global temperature at a given level, so any delay in reducing emissions can be detrimental — especially if we cross tipping points in the climate system, e.g trigger the complete loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet.

That effect turns out to cancel out the logarithmic behavior, giving you a nearly linear warming (at least up to about 5000 gigatonnes total emissions).

It concludes that «given that household travel and residential energy use account for 42 % of total U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, these findings highlight the importance of smart growth policies to build more compact and transit friendly cities as a crucial part of any strategic efforts to mitigate GHG emissions and stabilize climate.»

Save the average American family nearly $ 85 on their annual energy bill in 2030, reducing enough energy to power 30 million homes, and save consumers a total of $ 155 billion from 2020 - 2030; Give a head start to wind and solar deployment and prioritize the deployment of energy efficiency improvements in low - income communities that need it most early in the program through a Clean Energy Incentive Program; and Continue American leadership on climate change by keeping us on track to meet the economy - wide emissions targets we have set, including the goal of reducing emissions to 17 percent below 2005 levels by 2020 and to 26 - 28 percent below 2005 levels by 2025.»

Essentially, EPA wants to give credit to existing NGCCs for upping their capacity factors since that helps to displace higher - emitting fossil generators, thereby reducing total emissions from the electric sector.

g A range of estimates of emissions from cultivated peatlands and non-viable drainage areas were included, thus a range for the total estimates from land - use change and forestry are given in

What is clear is that, given the small size of the total 21st century emissions budget, it's much easier to craft plausible 350 pathways if they include negative emission options.

If one nation desires to keep its total emissions below its fair share of safe global emissions by keeping their transportation sector low while having slightly larger emissions from their manufacturing sector, most theories of international responsibility would give that nation some choice on how it would achieve its international GHG obligations.

State and total populations on land and major cities in which the majority of the population occupies land committed to fall below future high tide lines given emissions through 2100 under RCP 2.6 (blue city markers on both maps) or 8.5 (red city markers) and assuming the baseline Antarctic case (see text).

Given that decline, environmentalists lobbied the administration for cuts relative to a more recent baselines year, when emissions were lower than in 2005, because that would represent a greater total reduction.

It also ethically dubious for the US to insist that it can demand that other nations must agree to make reductions in their manufacturing sectors consistent with US reductions in the US manufacturing sector given that almost all nations in the world have lower total and per capita GHG emissions than the United States.

And given the linear relationship between warming and emissions, we know that reducing total CO2 emissions will reduce risks.

Targets and timetables are an emissions cap on the total amount of heat - trapping gas emissions that can be emitted by a country or region in a given time period.

For this reason, a joint research project between Widener University Commonwealth Law School and the University of Auckland recommended in Paris that national climate commitments be stated in tons of emissions over a specific period rather than percent reductions by a given date because waiting to the end of specific period to achieve percent reductions will cause the total tons of ghg emitted to be higher than if reductions are made earlier.

First a government establishes an emission limitation for total emissions from the government's jurisdiction and then permits or allowances are either given away or auctioned off and in this way create a society - wide «cap.»

We also find that, for large cumulative totals in particular, cumulative metrics based on integrations over smaller time periods, such as 2010 — 2050, do not correlate with peak warming as well as cumulative emissions to a given date near the time of peak warming.

If the total carbon budget to give the world a 66 % chance of keeping warming below 2 °C is 270 gigatons carbon (GtC), then because the US population is 5 % of world population, a case can be made that the United States carbon budget must be below 13.5 GtC even before this number is adjusted on the grounds of fairness or equity that takes into account the US's world leading share of historical emissions.

For a given peak rate of warming, and hence for a given peak emissions rate, pathways with a lower cumulative total or lower emissions in a given year must have a faster rate of decline after the peak.

Globally, total emissions of 1,700 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent CO2 - e over the period 2000 - 2050 would give the world a 67 % chance of keeping warming below 2 °C.

I did a modeling exercise a few years ago by tabulating different forcings — CO2 concentrations, sulfur emissions, total solar irradiance and the PDO and AMO — giving each a weighting and playing with the weightings until I got a best fit to the 20th century global temperature record.

Under these facts, it is simply inconceivable that those emitting high levels of greenhouse gases compared to others are not exceeding their fair share of safe global emissions given the enormity of reductions that are needed globally to return total global emissions to levels that are not already causing harm.

There is a data set maintained by Crowley et al that gives total carbon emissions going back to the 1750.

On what basis may the United States argue that it need not reduce US ghg emissions to its fair share of safe global missions because China or some other developing country has not yet adopted strong climate change policies, given that any US ghg emissions in excess of the US fair share of safe total omissions is harming hundreds of thousands of people around the world and the ecological systems on which life depends.

In fact, a global agreement for a 15 per cent cut on 2000 emissions totals by 2020 may be overly optimistic given the world financial situation.

The total emissions from the BECCS supply chain is the sum of these four components, but because they are all reported separately and often aggregated with other components, it is not possible determine the net emissions for a given BECCS system directly through current emission reporting.

For instance, using the emission factor for coal from IPCC [48], coal resources given by the Global Energy Assessment [114] amount to 7300 — 11000 Gt C. Similarly, using emission factors from IPCC [48], total recoverable fossil energy reserves and resources estimated by GEA [114] are approximately 15000 Gt C.

Total emissions are equal to Population times per capita production times the emissions for a given level of production (P x A x I).

Given historical climate and physics, the only way that implicit endorsement means «implicitly endors [ing] that humans are a cause of warming» where «a» is something less than primary (that is, over half) is if there is some as - yet undiscovered sink absorbing human CO2 emissions and, simultaneously, an as - yet undiscovered source of CO2 that is releasing it into the atmosphere - and moreover, the CO2 from this mysterious source just happens to possess a carbon isotope signature that matches fossil fuel CO2 as a total coincidence.

However, equilibriating the deep ocean will only draw CO2 concentrations down to 25 - 30 % of total emissions (Archer), or to 45 to 55 % of the net increase to a given date.

The September, 2013, IPCC issued a report which contained a budget on total carbon emissions that the world needs to stay within to give a 66 % chance of preventing more than the 2 ° C warming that attracted world attention despite the fact that it has been widely criticized as being overly optimistic.

This will result in the smallest total cumulative carbon emissions for a given cost by 2050 or so.

Total emissions includes upstream emissions for gasoline, so I based the tailpipe emission for the US average on the total emission and the 1.25 ratio given Total emissions includes upstream emissions for gasoline, so I based the tailpipe emission for the US average on the total emission and the 1.25 ratio given total emission and the 1.25 ratio given here.

Hottel gives CO2 emissivity direct from charts based on direct measurements of total emission.

The city council looked at their emissions as a result of fuel for their fleet of cars and trucks and running City of Sydney events (9 % of total), energy emissions from the likes of street lighting and City owned properties (72 %) and then all other emissions such as those caused by the City's operations, including contractors and business travel - taxis, flights, etc (19 %) For the financial year of 06 - 7 this gave them a total of over 48,500 tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions.

Spectralcalc results for 1 atm total pressure (1013.25 mbar), 296 K, 1 m path length and volume mixing ratio of 0.00038 gives an emission intensity of 0.85 W m - 2 sr - 1.

The figures you refer to give the total CO2 - emissions per square meter of solar panel, regardless of their energy production.