A recently released
total fuel cycle analysis for maritime case studies shows that natural gas fuels reduce some air quality pollutants substantially, and reduce major greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions slightly, when compared to conventional petroleum - based marine fuels (low - sulfur and high - sulfur).
Not exact matches
According to Global Nuclear
Fuels, the GNF2 design delivers higher energy output whilst cutting overall
fuel cycle costs, reducing the
total amount of uranium and the average enrichment in
fuel reloads.
The awards, which are given out annually, consider eight major areas of expense — financing,
fueling, maintenance, repairs, insurance, fees and taxes, depreciation, and opportunity cost — and analyze 28 different life
cycle cost scenarios to yield an accurate picture of each vehicle's true
total average cost.
High - level
fuel management is ensured by the up to five, 1400 - bar
fuel injection processes per
cycle that create an extremely fine
fuel atomization in the combustion chambers, which have a
total displacement of 1248 cm3.
The ES 300h combines a 2.5 - liter Atkinson
cycle four - cylinder gasoline engine with an electric motor powered by a nickel metal hydride battery for a
total system power of 218 metric horsepower and a average
fuel economy of 4.7 l / 100 km.
Total fuel economy is expected by Mitsubishi to be 25 mpg under the EPA
cycle, but this of course can be wildly improved if the driver utilizes the all - electric drive function and keeps the gas engine off.
It improves
fuel economy by 4 - 5 per cent on the combined
cycle, lowering the
total to 20.9 mpg, but Bentley claims it can be as much as 20 per cent better in the real world.
While extracting a
total system output of 185 kW / 252 hp from its duo of power units, the BMW 330e returns average
fuel consumption (combined) of 2.1 — 1.9 litres / 100 km (134.5 — 148.7 mpg imp) and CO2 emissions (combined) of 49 — 44 g / km (in the EU test
cycle).
In addition, you will earn 1 additional Point (for a
total of 2 Points) for each dollar of Net Purchases charged to your Account during each billing
cycle at merchant locations that are classified in any of the following merchant category codes: automated
fuel dispensers and service stations and restaurants.
Minimum purchase of 45 gallons of
fuel per month required;
total statement credits can not exceed $ 72 per billing
cycle and can be earned only on
fuel purchases up to 100 gallons.
Even using the
total (which includes «speculative») and the no cost constraint column one finds that powering 1500 1GW reactors on U235 with the once - thru
fuel cycle gives only 48 years of supply.
Remember the
total is the sum of direct emissions from burning
fuel and indirect emissions from the life
cycle, which means the industrial processes required to build it.
In a news release one of the co-authors of the new study, James E.T. Channell of the University of Florida, echoes that point, saying: «The problem is that now we have added to the
total amount of CO2
cycling through the system by burning fossil
fuels.
Now the
total gross input of CO2 into the atmosphere each year according to my old global carbon
cycle chart is 157.1 gtC per year of which 5.5 comes from fossil
fuels and cement (3.5 %) which is where the 3 % number John mentioned comes from.
I * am * concerned about the astronomical cost, the decades long construction
cycles, the massive cost overruns, the near 100 % dependence on government subsidies, the absolutely unacceptable practice of Toshiba and Areva declaring cost projections «proprietary», and in the United States, our near
total dependence on foreign sources of uranium
fuel.