The substantial rise in OHC would produce about 1 C of warming in
the total ocean volume in about 400 years.
«Nevertheless, the ocean layers above 700 m and 2,000 m represent only 20 % and 50 %, respectively, of
the total ocean volume.»
Not exact matches
The
total volume of rain is easier to calculate when a storm remains over a fixed area, but it much harder to suss out when hurricanes remain mobile and dump water over a wide swath of land and
ocean.
In this model, the
ocean beneath the ice makes up 40 % of the
total volume of the moon, while its salt content is estimated to be similar to that of Earth's
oceans.
At the end of this summer, only a quarter of the Arctic
Ocean was still covered in ice, a record low in modern times, and the
total volume of ice was just a fifth of what it was three decades ago (see «Record Arctic ice loss»).
The typical estimate of the sea - level change is five metres, a value arrived at by taking the
total volume of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, converting it to water and spreading it evenly across the
oceans.
Combined with a large decline in MY ice coverage over this short record, there is a reversal in the volumetric and areal contributions of the two ice types to the
total volume and area of the Arctic
Ocean ice cover.
Per this same study, the top sources by
total volume of plastic waste flowing into the
ocean are located primarily in Southeast Asia, led by China, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam and Sri Lanka.
However because we don't measure
ocean heat content below 2000m (about half of the
total volume), the OHC you cite applies to the top half
volume only, so the average dT in this part of
volume is just under 0.1 K (0.08) consistent with the estimates.
According to you, Svalgaard should be able to calculate «the
total excess energy which entered the
oceans» and be «able to calculate cloud cover, both
volume and latitude» for two sets of 4 solar cycle time frames that you don't even identify.
Other simple methods for controlling sea level are almost as simple, using heavy equipment to move shoreline dirt inland, thus increasing the
total volume of the
ocean basin.
From there could you possibly make the giant leap of calculating the
total volume of the world's glaciers vs. the
total surface of the earth's
ocean and seas and realize how small an impact of their melting would have upon the sea level?
All of these characteristics (except for the
ocean temperature) have been used in SAR and TAR IPCC (Houghton et al. 1996; 2001) reports for model - data inter-comparison: we considered as tolerable the following intervals for the annual means of the following climate characteristics which encompass corresponding empirical estimates: global SAT 13.1 — 14.1 °C (Jones et al. 1999); area of sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere 6 — 14 mil km2 and in the Southern Hemisphere 6 — 18 mil km2 (Cavalieri et al. 2003);
total precipitation rate 2.45 — 3.05 mm / day (Legates 1995); maximum Atlantic northward heat transport 0.5 — 1.5 PW (Ganachaud and Wunsch 2003); maximum of North Atlantic meridional overturning stream function 15 — 25 Sv (Talley et al. 2003),
volume averaged
ocean temperature 3 — 5 °C (Levitus 1982).
Just divide the
volume change by the
total ocean surface area, 360 million square km.
They don't show the error in the estimates of
volumes, which in at least three instances, atmosphere,
oceans, and vegetation / soil detritus, exceed estimates for
total human production.
For example, if water is being warmed on the surface, and then that warmer water is moved down to the deep
ocean due to trade winds during La Nina, changing equations to
volume and
total energy is unnecessary.»