However, with improving techniques, researchers recently estimated
total submarine groundwater (saline and fresh water combined) discharges suggesting a rate 3 to 4 times greater than the observed global river runoff, or a volume equivalent to 331 mm / year (13 inches) of sea level rise.
If fresh
submarine groundwater discharge approaches just 7 % of the
total SGD, it would not only balance current
groundwater recharge, but would steadily raise sea level by an additional 2 mm / year, even if there was no ocean warming and no melting glaciers.