Attentional Orientation Patterns
toward Emotional Faces and Temperamental Correlates of Preschool Oppositional Defiant Problems: The Moderating Role of Callous - Unemotional Traits and Anxiety Symptoms.
To sum up, there are several limits of previous research relating CU traits, anxiety symptoms, ODD symptoms and attentional orientation
toward emotional faces in children, which we aim to address in this article.
Citation: Susa Erdogan G, Benga O and Marină C (201 Attentional Orientation Patterns
toward Emotional Faces and Temperamental Correlates of Preschool Oppositional Defiant Problems: The Moderating Role of Callous - Unemotional Traits and Anxiety Symptoms.
In consequence, the current study aims to investigate, within a community sample of preschoolers, the cognitive correlates (attentional orientation patterns
toward emotional faces) of combined ODD problems and CU traits, by also taking in consideration the role of anxiety symptoms.
The first parameter is Mean TL - BS and is a bi-dimensional parameter, calculated twofold for each of the congruent and incongruent set of trials, in the case of each participant; Mean TL - BS positive (Mean TL - BS Toward) indicates individual differences in the degree to which the attention is oriented
toward the emotional face or to which the mean TL - BS > 0 ms, whereas Mean TL - BS negative (Mean TL - BS Away) reflects individual differences in the degree to which the attention is oriented away from the emotional face or the degree to which TL - BS < 0 ms.. The second parameter is Peak TL - BS, which is also bi-dimensional and calculated twofold; Peak TL - BS positive (Peak Toward) shows the individual differences in the maximum phasic expression of the trial - level orientation
toward the emotional face, while Peak TL - BS negative (Peak Away) indicates the individual differences in the maximum phasic expression of the trial - level attention away from the emotional face.
Not exact matches
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Specifically, our prediction was that children with combined CU traits and oppositional related problems would orient attention less
toward negative
emotional faces, especially fearful ones.
However, these previous results also report divergent findings, that range from attentional avoidance (see Hodsoll et al., 2014, who found that boys aged 8 — 16 with clinical levels of conduct problems and high levels of CU showed reduced attentional capture by angry
faces) to attentional orientation
toward angry
faces (see Ezpeleta et al., 2017b, who showed that children with high but non-clinical levels of CU traits and ODD - related problems oriented their attention to angry
faces to the same degree as children with low CU traits and low ODD - related problems, during an
emotional version of the Go / No - Go task).
Finally, regarding the three way interaction (CU × anxiety × ODD) we expected the effect of attentional orientation
toward negative
emotional faces to be most pronounced for children with high levels of CU traits, anxiety and ODD - related problems.
On the other hand, for the moderator effects, as seen in CU × anxiety; CU × ODD, CU × anxiety × ODD, we anticipated that high levels of CU traits and high levels of anxiety would be linked to greater attention
toward angry and fearful
faces, while high levels of CU traits and high levels of ODD - related problems would be associated with less orientation
toward these negative
emotional faces.
First, attentional orientation patterns, as indexed through TL - BS parameters, revealed that the direction of peaks (phasic expression of the trial - level orientation, which can be
toward or away from emotional faces — Peak Toward, respectively Peak Away) varied, based on the interactions between individual differences in CU traits and ODD - related pro
toward or away from
emotional faces — Peak
Toward, respectively Peak Away) varied, based on the interactions between individual differences in CU traits and ODD - related pro
Toward, respectively Peak Away) varied, based on the interactions between individual differences in CU traits and ODD - related problems.
Based on previous findings on attention to
emotional stimuli in children with disruptive behaviors (e.g., Kimonis et al., 2012; Hodsoll et al., 2014), we hypothesized that higher levels of CU traits would be associated with reduced attention
toward fearful and angry
faces, while higher levels of ODD - related problems would be associated with greater attention
toward both negative and positive (happy)
emotional faces.
Furthermore, to our knowledge, the present study is the first addressing the question on how children with various levels of CU traits, anxiety and ODD - related problems process both negative and positive
emotional faces, by indexing attentional orientation patterns
toward these stimuli through a dynamic computation procedure.
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