For younger students, research has shown that chronic absenteeism in kindergarten is associated
with lower achievement in reading and math in later grades, even when controlling for a
child's
family income, race, disability status, attitudes
toward school, socioemotional development,
age at kindergarten entry, type
of kindergarten program, and preschool experience.
High expressed emotion (e.g., an overly critical and / or overly involved relationship) has been associated
with family conflict at home (Hibbs, Hamburger, Kruesi, & Lenane, 1993), marital difficulties, parental coldness
toward a
child (Stubbe, Zahner, Goldstein, & Leckman, 1993), disorganized attachment status in
children (Jacobsen, Hibbs, & Ziegenhain, 2000), and symptom exacerbation in
children of different
ages (Hibbs et al., 1991; Schwartz, Dorer, Beardslee, Lavori, & Keller, 1990; Stubbe et al., 1993).
year Publication year, N total sample size, #ES amount
of effect sizes, AC
child age category
of the
child at the start
of the program, Design research design, PCDC parent
child development centers, CB community - based, CPEP
child — parent enrichment project, FGDM
family group decision making, HS healthy start, PCIT parent —
child interaction therapy, CBFRS community - based
family resource service, PUP parents under pressure, SEEK safe environment for every kid, HF healthy
families, STEP systematic training for effective parenting, TPBP teen parents and babies program, TEEP Turkish early enrichment project, IFPS intensive
family preservation services, ACT adults and
children together, CBT cognitive behavioral therapy, PSBCT parent skills
with behavioral couples therapy, PCTT parents and
children talking together, FIRST
family information, referral and support team, NFP nurse
family partnership, HSYC healthy steps for young
children, REACH resources, education and care in the home, PMD parents make the difference, CPC
child — parent center, MST - BSF multisystemic therapy — building stronger
families, PriCARE primary
child — adult relationship enhancement, SSTP stepping stones Triple P, CAMP Colorado adolescent maternity program, STEEP steps
toward effective and enjoyable parenting, FGC
family group conferences, MST - CAN multisystemic therapy for
child abuse and neglect, PAT parent as teachers, CM case management, CPS
child protective services, NS not specified, QE quasi-experimental, RCT randomized controlled trial, R risk group, GP general population, M maltreating parents