To some extent, it is more of the same: continue the substantial
trade liberalisation of the past three decades.
Not exact matches
Key policy directions have been
trade liberalisation and a move away from the formerly rather regulated and centralised structure
of wage determination.
Contributing to this performance has been a program
of economic
liberalisation, including increased openness to foreign
trade and investment, financial sector deregulation and a more prominent role for the private sector.
However, it also reflects the consequences
of ongoing
trade liberalisation, and changing demand for final goods and factor inputs as economies develop.
Coincidental or not, the conclusion
of the TPP sends a signal to the US that both Canada and Mexico are committed to
trade liberalisation at a time when the Trump Administration is beating the protectionist drum.
The push for drug
liberalisation comes as part
of a global trend toward a more liberal stance on narcotics, following half a century
of expensive and broadly ineffective efforts to wipe out the drug
trade.
The need for a new and broader agenda for the
liberalisation of trade and investment is more broadly acknowledged.
The commitment
of the WTO to
trade liberalisation, which is perceived in many quarters to be at the expense
of social objectives, has made it the focus
of the anti-globalisation movement in recent years.
You would suddenly have a very large economy, with considerable political clout and a long history
of advocating for
liberalisation of services, joining a relatively out -
of - the - way
trade arrangement.
While
trade liberalisation and private investment are more important to prevent failed states George W Bush has shown in sub-Saharan Africa, in particular, that well targeted aid can save hundreds
of thousands
of lives.
60 Consequently, as the Commission observes, to regard the rules on patentable subject - matter in Article 27
of the TRIPs Agreement as falling within the field
of the common commercial policy rather than the field
of the internal market correctly reflects the fact that the context
of those rules is the
liberalisation of international
trade, not the harmonisation
of the laws
of the Member States
of the European Union.
«Finally, the link which the provisions
of Chapter 13
of the envisaged agreement display with
trade between the European Union and the Republic
of Singapore is also specific in nature because a breach
of the provisions concerning social protection
of workers and environmental protection, set out in that chapter, authorises the other Party — in accordance with the rule
of customary international law codified in Article 60 (1)
of the Convention on the law
of treaties, -LSB-...]-- to terminate or suspend the
liberalisation, provided for in the other provisions
of the envisaged agreement,
of that
trade.»
The Court's language might nonetheless suggest that such a decision is not entirely up to the political discretion
of these two institutions by stating that «
liberalisation of that
trade [is made] subject to the condition that the Parties comply with their international obligations concerning social protection
of workers and environmental protection» (para. 166).
Indeed, the Court considers that the sustainable development chapter «plays an essential role in the agreement» (para. 162) and that the agreement operates under a form
of conditionality «by making
liberalisation of that
trade subject to the condition that the Parties comply with their international obligations concerning social protection
of workers and environmental protection» (para. 166).
The common commercial policy shall be based on uniform principles, particularly in regard to changes in tariff rates, the conclusion
of tariff and
trade agreements, the achievement
of uniformity in measures
of liberalisation, export policy and measures to protect
trade such as those to be taken in the event
of dumping or subsidies.
Today, however, many
of the existing specialised international tribunals have been created in the context
of a particular regime, such as one which promotes, for example, the
liberalisation of international
trade rules, the protection
of human rights and fundamental freedoms, or the economic integration
of a regional organisation.