Abstract: Many large - scale cross-national studies rely on a single - item measurement when comparing prevalence rates of traditional bullying,
traditional victimization, cyberbullying, and cyber-victimization between countries.
Many large - scale cross-national studies rely on a single - item measurement when comparing prevalence rates of traditional bullying,
traditional victimization, cyberbullying, and cyber-victimization between countries.
Cyber-victimization was predicted by
traditional victimization and academic variables.
Traditional victimization was predicted by cyber-victimization, socio - emotional variables and being male.
Substantial results of the single - and multiple - item approach did not differ for traditional bullying and
traditional victimization, but differed for cyberbullying and cyber-victimization.
The present paper (1) examined variables, which could predict traditional bullying, cyberbullying,
traditional victimization and cyber-victimization and (2) looked at persons to examine whether academic, socio - emotional and demographic characteristics differed between traditional, cyber and mixed bullies, victims and bully - victims.
Not exact matches
The report compares the dating safety and
victimization rates between
traditional relationships and online relationships.
And here's the real surprise: according to the Crime Victims Institute study, online daters actually tend to have slightly lower rates of
victimization than
traditional daters.
Not to add to an author's sense of
victimization, but it has to be an additional pressure to labor under the weight of the attitude, held by many in the fading
traditional publishing apparatus, that the digital disruption has somehow attacked or unfairly undermined them.
Individual risk factors for perpetration include alcohol and drug use, delinquency, empathic deficits, general aggressiveness and acceptance of violence, early sexual initiation, coercive sexual fantasies, preference for impersonal sex and sexual - risk taking, exposure to sexually explicit media, hostility towards women, adherence to
traditional gender role norms, hyper - masculinity, suicidal behavior, and prior sexual
victimization or perpetration.
In contrast to these
traditional ACEs, personal
victimization and community stressors highlight the different forms of
victimization and violence that can occur throughout childhood.
Previous research on
traditional bullying among adolescents has found a relatively consistent link between
victimization and lower self - esteem, while finding an inconsistent relationship between offending and lower self - esteem.