When the energy is
transferred by radiation, however, we can measure both individual flows as well as the net flow.
The formula which I tried to reproduce describes net energy
transferred by radiation.
The only effect that radiation from a cooler atmosphere can have on the surface is to slow down the rate of thermal energy
transferred by radiation to the atmosphere.
It takes the Sun's direct heat to heat matter, this is what we feel as heat, which raises our temperature, this is the Sun's heat
transferred by radiation, thermal infrared.
The text states: «The heat
transferred by radiation is proportional to the difference between the 4th powers of the temperatures of the body and of the enclosure, and to the relative emittance e of the surface of the body.
The formula for the «net rate [from the enclosed object] of loss or gain of energy by radiation (or the heat
transferred by radiation) is
It takes the bigger real heat energy to do this, and that
transferred by radiation from the Sun is the longwave infrared waves of thermal infrared.
Because that is what it is, it is thermal energy (which is heat) on the move from hotter to colder (which is heat)
transferred by radiation, which is thermal infrared (which is heat).
Heat, the Sun's thermal energy,
transferred by radiation, thermal infrared, reaches us in around 8 minutes.
What we do get, is real invisible heat from the Sun which comes to us as thermal infrared which in the real world is how heat is
transferred by radiation, and we get white light without which we would have no life on Earth because the blue wavelength is essential for photosynthesis.
This is heat energy
transferred by radiation, direct to us who feel the heat on our skin and absorb it deeply and feel it internally as this aka radiant heat heats up the water in us, heats our blood and flesh and bones..
The radiant heat we feel from a fire is the fire's thermal energy, its heat energy — we can feel heat energy
transferred by radiation (as well as by conduction and convection).
Learning Objective (s): Investigate how heat is
transferred by radiation.
Heat is
transferred by radiation — ions of hydrogen and helium emit photons, which travel a brief distance before being reabsorbed by other ions.
The question is how much of the energy is
transferred by radiation, conduction and convection?
Hence the energy must come from the atmosphere, but wherever the atmosphere is colder than the Antarctic surface, there can be no heat
transfer by radiation.
You do not have the direct heat from the Sun which is the Sun's thermal energy in
transfer by radiation.
This is the Sun's thermal energy in
transfer by radiation (conduction and convection being the others in heat transfer).
They know that the heat we get from the Sun is the Sun's thermal energy radiated to us in thermal infrared, it's called HEAT
transfer by radiation, and you've taken that out of your Greenhouse Effect energy budget..
Heat from the Sun is the Sun's thermal energy in
transfer by radiation.
The rate of heat
transfer by radiation and latent heat increases as the temperature at the top decreases given the assumption of constant water surface temperature.
The same applies to
transfer by radiation.
Not exact matches
Success of pollination and fertilisation is influenced not only
by the amount of pollen
transferred to a stigma of a conspecific flower [54 — 57], but also
by the time the pollen is exposed to temperature, humidity and UV -
radiation, and other factors reducing the ability of pollen grains» germination [58,59].
Conduction and thermal
radiation are two ways in which heat is
transferred from one object to another: Conduction is the process
by which heat flows between objects in physical contact, such as a pot of tea on a hot stove, while thermal
radiation describes heat flow across large distances, such as heat emitted
by the sun.
This change was made to combat the charge
transfer efficiency (CTE) losses caused
by radiation damage that the two WFC CCDs have suffered since being put into orbit
by artificially increasing the background in the dark images.
Spectroscopy and Keeling plus
radiation heat
transfer calculations gives you around 630 ZJ added
by added CO2 and around 1200 added
by all added GHGs (Murphy et al, 2009).
CO2 (and some other gases) in the atmosphere are however more opaque to LWIR; they absorb that a chunk of that outgoing
radiation and re-radiate it in all directions — so that a fraction less than half is re-radiated downwards; which has the effect of slowing the
transfer of heat (
by radiation) out of the atmosphere.
Ray's answer makes it obvious (for me) that reality is very complex and far from being explainable
by simple, hand - made arguments for the general audience; that's why I think that trying to explain «simply» the very complex phenomena involved in
radiation transfer is just lost time - and in my opinion the REAL issues associated with social impacts of GW are not primarily associated with the detailed physics of the phenomenon.
The excerpt I quoted says below windspeed that disrupts the skin layer, heat
transfer occurs
by «molecular processes» — my guess would be that includes include both
radiation and evaporation — anyone know?
Actually there can be convection from the surface that is balanced
by some of the
radiation from within the troposphere, but in the approximation of zero non-radiative
transfer above the tropopause, all the flux into the stratosphere must be from below (absent solar heating).
In equilibrium these would be balanced
by upward
transfer of infrared
radiation emitted
by the surface,
by sensible heat flux (warm air carried upward) and
by latent heat flux (i.e. evaporation — moisture carried upward).
Energy is
transferred from the Sun to the Earth
by radiation, because
radiation can pass through a vacuum.
What I'm thinking is that the primary way that the energy captured
by CO2 gets dissipated is not
radiation, partly back to the surface, but primarily upwards convention as the kinetic
transfer between gas molecules moves the heat rapidly throughout the atmosphere.
That violates the 2nd Law and is not a real
transfer of thermal energy / heat, proven
by the fact that it can't be collected like the 161W / m ² of solar
radiation can be.
«When a system of bodies at different temperatures is left to itself, the
transfer of heat which takes place always has the effect of rendering the temperatures of the different bodies more nearly equal, and this character of the
transfer of heat, that it passes from hotter to colder bodies, is the same whether it is
by radiation or
by conduction that the
transfer takes place.»
6
Transfer of Energy Through Space Once the Sun's energy reaches Earth, it travels through different materials
by conduction, convection, and
radiation.
For longwave
radiation, the model documentation states: «Since cycle Cy22r3, two longwave
radiation schemes are available in the ECMWF model, the pre-cycle Cy22r3
by Morcrette (1991), and the current longwave
radiation transfer scheme, the Rapid Radiation Transfer Model (RRTM)
transfer scheme, the Rapid
Radiation Transfer Model (RRTM)
Transfer Model (RRTM).»
That claim is too simple to be useful, ignoring a) the complex interaction of Boltzmann
radiation with the surface, the clouds, the GHGs, and the like, and b) the various regimes in the tropics, each of which modifies and changes the overall energy balance
by things like convection and latent heat
transfer.
Thermal means «of heat», it is the direct heat energy of the Sun,
transferring the Sun's great heat
by radiation.
14), addresses the mechanisms of atmospheric heat
transfer not only via
radiation but also
by convection, which is not mentioned once in the IPCC's scientific reports (Ref.
Jim Cripwell: «The problem I have understanding this, is that radiative
transfer models seem to only look at the
transfer of energy through the atmosphere,
by radiation.
If the upper troposphere cools only
by radiation (with probably some convection across the tropopause), but the surface
transfers energy to the upper troposphere via
radiation, convection, and evapotranspiration, why would the concurrent CO2 - induced warming be uniform?
The use of Stefan / Boltzmann to estimate how much global temperatures will rise as a result of this, also only looks at the
transfer of energy
by radiation.
Too simple Doc, you need to determine the S - B equivalent energy per put forced
by the candle and the fluorescent lighting while considering the downwelling longwave
radiation mean of the bathroom atmosphere and the rate of energy
transfer to the tub bottom before proposing that internal harmonics might impact energy
transfer in the put put boat manifold leading to erratic propulsion.
The problem I have understanding this, is that radiative
transfer models seem to only look at the
transfer of energy through the atmosphere,
by radiation.
As the heat
transfer in the troposphere occurs mostly
by convection, accumulation of CO2 in the troposphere intensifies the convective processes of heat and mass
transfer, because of the intense absorption of infrared
radiation, and leads to subsequent cooling and not warming as believed.
If almost all of the heat
transfer from surface to upper atmosphere is
by convection, then you can change anything you want about the
radiation system, more GHG, less, it won't matter.
As evident in the figures the near surface air temperatures are actually warmer over the Arctic Ocean (
by over 1 °C in large areas) when the sea ice absorbs solar
radiation and
transfers some of this energy as sensible heat back into the atmosphere.
The heating of the Earth
by the Sun is an example of
transfer of energy
by radiation.
Assume a fixed rate of energy per unit time is being absorbed
by and / or generated within an object; and at temperature T the object is in «heat
transfer» equilbrium — i.e., the amount of outgoing energy per unit time is equal to the incoming
radiation per unit time.