A team of UK stem cell scientists, led by Dr. Robin Ali from UCL Institute of Ophthalmology in London, has developed a new strategy for repairing the retina by
transplanting photoreceptor cells generated in the laboratory from embryonic stem cells.
Some groups, including Lanza's, are looking to do just that:
transplant photoreceptor cells.
Not exact matches
Nevertheless, the outcome may pave the way for
transplants of stem
cell — derived eye
cells called
photoreceptors, which could dramatically improve vision in people with eye disease if all goes according to plan.
He suspects that
transplanted cells are actually restoring the function of «dormant»
photoreceptors.
These findings have suggested the development stages at which to
transplant cells — for instance,
photoreceptor cells need to be relatively more mature than stem
cells, according to Thomas Reh, who studies retinal development at the University of Washington.
There are even efforts underway to
transplant cultured
photoreceptor cells into the retina to replace those lost from advanced disease.
When
transplanted to the subretinal space of mice lacking functional
photoreceptors, human embryonic stem
cells directed toward a retinal lineage integrate into the outer nuclear layer, express
photoreceptor markers, and restore a light response as determined by the electroretinogram (ERG)[5].
Researchers from the Buck Institute report one of the first demonstrations of long - term vision restoration in blind mice by
transplanting photoreceptors derived from human stem
cells and blocking the immune response that causes
transplanted cells to be rejected by the recipient.
The team
transplanted stem
cell - derived
photoreceptors into another strain of mouse, called CRX null, which is congenitally blind.
Confocal images of P150 dystrophic retina
transplanted with hNPCctx — GDNF and double stained with antibodies against human nuclear antigen (red) and either (A) recoverin, a
photoreceptor and cone bipolar
cell marker (green), or (B) protein kinase Cα (PKCα), a bipolar
cell marker (green).
Of note, while vision rescue requires preservation of some functional
photoreceptors, the mere presence of
photoreceptor cells in the ONL of
transplanted RCS rats does not assure function [61].
Qualitative examination of the host anatomical response to the presence of hNPCctx or hNPCctx - GDNF revealed substantial preservation of the
photoreceptor outer nuclear layer (ONL) overlying all subretinal donor
cells (Figure 5E and F), with
photoreceptor rescue gradually declining outside the distribution of the
transplanted cells (Figure 5E and G).
The location of
transplanted human
cells, their expression profile and ability to phagocytose rod
photoreceptor material was examined in vivo using immunohistochemistry.
Inset shows higher resolution confocal images of
photoreceptor cell nuclear layers (DAPI blue) and rhodopsin expression (red) in the dystrophic control (left inset) and dystrophic with iPS - RPE
transplant (right inset) RCS rat.