As the oceans have warmed and the climate has changed, hotspots are developing in regions where the currents that
transport warm tropical waters towards the poles are strengthening.
Japan, the east coast of the US, northern Brazil and south eastern Africa are also strongly influenced by coastal currents that
transport warm tropical waters.
Not exact matches
Conceptually, it's hard to see how the Gulf Stream western boundary current could be weakened by conditions around Greenland; this is a fluid dynamics system, not a mechanical «belt»; a backup due to less deep
water formation should have little effect on the physics of the gyre and the formation of the western boundary current, and it also seems the
tropical warming and the resulting equator - to - pole heat
transport are the drivers — but perhaps modulation by jet stream meandering is playing some role in the cooling?
The surface
waters of the
tropical Atlantic are then
transported, via the Gulf Stream, towards the high latitudes where they
warm the atmosphere before plunging into the abysses in the convection zones situated in the seas of Norway, Greenland and Labrador.
So when you
transport enormous amounts of
warm tropical waters to the poles for about 400,000 years, you end up with ice ages, which after a while may shut down the MOC again, further increasing the polar cooling, as for instance happened at the Younger Dryas.
However the negative NAO also implies a spin - down of the subtropical gyre and therefore a drop in the pole - ward
transport of
warm tropical waters.
illustrating the correlation between the pole - ward
transport of
warm tropical water and the North Atlantic Oscillation.
A strengthening ACC created a barrier inhibiting intrusions of
warm tropical waters and minimizing both oceanic and atmospheric heat
transport resulting in the Refrigerator Effect.
Warm surface
water flows from the
tropical South Atlantic, through the Caribbean, and is then
transported, via the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Drift, to the northernmost North Atlantic.
A greater - than - normal volume of
warm salty
tropical water was
transported north with the current and this was drawn down into the ocean in the region around 60 ° N - where dense
water sinking occurs.
It is analogous to the Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean,
transporting warm,
tropical water northward towards the polar region.
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)- the
transport of
warm tropical surface
water northward - is indeed propelled by dense
water sinking in the North Atlantic and travelling equatorward in the deeper layers, but it also has a wind - driven component to it.
But equally important changes in insolation affected the volume of
warmer tropical waters that were
transported toward the poles.
Secondly, though the models assume that the concentration of
water vapor will increase in the
tropical mid-troposphere as the space occupied by the atmosphere
warms, advection
transports much of the additional
water vapor poleward from the tropics at that altitude.