The trend at each station can be determined independently of other stations.
He calculated century
trends at each station.
Results in the trend maps (e.g. Fig. 3) adhere closely to
the trends at the stations, but the magnitudes of the trends drops off as the radial distance from the station increases.
Not exact matches
With that in mind, we consulted two experts to see which songs they thought had a chance
at the throne: Spotify's head of
trends, Shannon Cook, and iHeartMedia's Tom Poleman, who oversees programming for 850 + radio
stations.
He had a stint
at a local radio
station in Park City, Utah, in 2013, where he covered the latest
trends in music in the US.
I make no judgement about something which, as a non-member, is no concern of mine; but if I were a member, then I should be forced to say that, in my opinion, if men were to be
stationed at the doors of churches with whips to drive worshippers away, or inside the religious orders specifically to discourage vocations, or among the clergy to spread alarm and despondency, they could not hope to be as effective in achieving these ends as are
trends and policies seemingly now dominant within the Church.
This is part of a worrying
trend in immigration enforcement, typified by the Go Home vans, aggressive and large - scale raids on workplaces and the placing of immigration officers
at London tube
stations last summer.
Number one, INEC is worried by the recent
trend of vote buying
at open polling
stations.
When Sallan and study co-author Andrew Galimberti of Kalamazoo College in Michigan, who is now
at Michigan State University's Kellogg Biological
Station in Hickory Corners, looked
at the fossil record, they found interesting
trends in body size during this period.
This
trend is mirrored
at the local level, where Sinclair Broadcasting owns 173 of the country's 1,778 local television
stations and is on the hunt to acquire more.
For instance, in your Figure 3a, the observed
trend at the South Pole
station is given as -0.1 ºC / dec while the reconstruction appears to show a positive
trend there.
NCEI scientists conducted this study to determine the reliability of surface temperature
trends over the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) following photographic documentation of poor siting conditions
at USHCN
stations.
It would have been instructive to superimpose an appropriately colored dot
at the location of each long - term occupied weather
station representing the observed
trend (in Figure 3) rather than just the two values included in 3a and 3b.
Looking
at different locations in Germany, the East German
station of Erfurt / Weimar shows the same January cooling
trend despite rising CO2 concentrations.
A Climate Central report found that
at least 58 percent of more than 2,000 weather
stations reported a
trend toward a smaller percentage of all winter precipitation falling as rain instead of snow, with the Northwest and Upper Midwest registering the largest decreases.
Unlike for the two peak metrics, in both North America (especially Canada) and Europe (mainly southern Europe), the SOMO35 and AVGMDA8 metrics exhibit positive increasing
trends at 5 — 15 % of the urban
stations (Figure 9c, e).
There really is a
trend,
at least among CBS affliliate
stations to encourage people to follow the paleo diet.
The hottest
trend at the New York Auto Show isn't a 2 - door sport coupe, but rather an old standby with a new look — the
station wagon.
The hottest
trend at the New York Auto Show isnt a 2 - door sport coupe, but rather an old standby with a new lookthe
station wagon.
For the last part of our analysis, we looked
at some
trends in the gas
station industry.
However, the Discover it ® Secured Card — No Annual Fee bucks that
trend by offering their users 1 % cash back on every purchase and 2 % cash back
at restaurants or gas
stations on up to $ 1,000 in combined purchases each quarter.
The warming
trends in looking
at numerous 100 year temperature plots from northern and high elevation climate
stations... i.e. warming
trends in annual mean and minimum temperature averages, winter monthly means and minimums and especially winter minimum temperatures and dewpoints... indicate climate warming that is being driven by the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — no visible effects from other things like changes in solar radiation or the levels of cosmic rays.
The researchers said they sifted data carefully to avoid possible distortion of
trends related to changes in instruments or conditions
at and around weather
stations.
These include that the land, borehole and marine records substantially agree; and the fact that there is little difference between the long - term (1880 to 1998) rural (0.70 °C / century) and full set of
station temperature
trends (actually less
at 0.65 °C / century).
I suggested that deviations (
at a
station level) from global or grid level Tmin
trends could be an indicator of site impairement.
In order to understand the potential importance of the effect, let's look
at what it could do to our understanding of climate: 1) It will have zero effect on the global climate models, because a) the constraints on these models are derived from other sources b) the effect is known and there are methods for dealing the errors they introduce c) the effect they introduce is local, not global, so they can not be responsible for the signal /
trend we see, but would
at most introduce noise into that signal 2) It will not alter the conclusion that the climate is changing or even the degree to which it is changing because of c) above and because that conclusion is supported by multiple additional lines of evidence, all of which are consistent with the
trends shown in the land
stations.
The difference between these
trends will be non zero (with and without class4 - 5)(bad
stations warm the record) E. Issue, will the test have the power to see the difference
at a significant level?
Anthony Watts has posted a package
at his blog on a new paper (like Muller's pre-publication) concluding that United States temperature
trends in recent decades «are spuriously doubled, with 92 % of that over-estimation resulting from erroneous NOAA adjustments of well - sited
stations upward.
[Response: Or you could just look
at the annual mean data for that
station, and calculate an extremely significant
trend of 0.91 + / - 0.47 deg C / century (95 % conf).
For example, the record
at St. Cloud didn't fit with its nearby
stations so St. Cloud records were not used in determination average regional
trends.
In particular, the characters visit Punta Arenas (
at the tip of South America), where (very pleasingly to my host institution) they have the GISTEMP
station record posted on the wall which shows a long - term cooling
trend (although slight warming since the 1970's).
Data
trends at climate
station with 100 years of record show increasing UHI in areas having experienced large economic growth like
at Fort Collins, Billings, Minneapolis.
Have you noted a change in the relative or specific humidity
at each
station that tracks with the changes in the temperature
trend?
The procession will end after about 40 km
at the Sudkreuz (South Cross) train
station, a new venue for the annual Environment Festival where bikers can recover from the demonstration ride with a bio-bratwurst or an organic, vegetarian meal while learning about new green
trends and supporting environmental organizations.
F. Engelbeen's claim that he only looked
at land temperature
trends, while Johannessen e.a. mainly looked
at sea surface temperatures and ice cover is a Tech Central
Station like.
Written by a NOAA National Climatic Data Center scientist, it examined only a small subset of
stations — all that had their siting checked
at that time — and found no bias in long - term
trends.
CRU has not released all the
station data they use, so the red curve is not the CRU temperature
trend for Russia
at all.
In fact, the commission erred on the careful, conservative side by not including the
station at Prospect Reservoir, which showed a much more pronounced
trend than either Parramatta or Bankstown Airport.
Teacher input: Because each weather
station exists in a unique micro-climate, individual differences cause each
station to exhibit small cooling or warming
trends that might not be seen
at the other
stations.
Sou
at HotWhopper (linked above) points out that Watts can't explain why a heat sink or a reflective surface
at a
station would produce not just a different temperature but a different
trend over time.
NOAA's National Climatic Data Center compile and maintain the main weather
station datasets used by the five groups currently publishing global temperature
trend estimates, i.e., the ones we mentioned
at the start of the essay in Figure 1.
In several of our papers on global temperature
trends, we used datasets of weather
station records to look
at how global temperatures have changed since the late - 19th century.
The NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (NASA GISS) is one of the five groups that currently publish global temperature
trend estimates from weather
station records, i.e., they produce one of the curves we showed you
at the start of this essay in Figure 1.
«Press Release — Watts
at #AGU15 The quality of temperature
station siting matters for temperature
trends,» WUWT, December 17, 2015.
The overall
trend for Diekirch is -0.42 °C / decade (that of our national meteo
station at Findel airport even -0.67 ° / dec).
Streamflow
trends were statistically determined for each
station using the Mann - Kendall nonparametric test
at a 10 % significant level, combined with a field significance test.
It is we11 known that temperatures, especially the night minimum, are a little higher near the centre of a large town than they are in the surrounding country districts; if, therefore, a large number of buildings have accumulated in the vicinity of a
station during the period under consideration, the departures
at that
station would be influenced thereby and a rising
trend would be expected.
If we look
at the
trends since records began, noting that there are longitudinal problems (changes in locations of weather
stations, + UHI effects) and contamination by human analysts (data trickery), the
trends seem cyclical in periods of around 60 years.
An appreciable number of nonurban
stations in the United States and Canada have been identified with statistically significant (
at the 90 % level) decreasing
trends in the monthly mean diurnal temperature range between 1941 - 80.
«This study has established that there are significant differences in temperature
trends between weather
stations sited
at urban, agricultural, and low impact locations.