Randomized, controlled
trial of zinc supplementation in malnourished Bangladeshi children with acute diarrhea.
Birmingham CL, Goldner EM, Bakan R. Controlled
trial of zinc supplementation in anorexia nervosa.
A double - blind
trial of zinc supplementation in pregnancy.
A trial of zinc supplementation in young rural Gambian children.
Controlled
trial of zinc supplementation during recovery from malnutrition: effects on growth and immune function
In addition, results from a pooled analysis of randomized controlled
trials of zinc supplementation in developing countries suggest that zinc helps reduce the duration and severity of diarrhea in zinc - deficient or otherwise malnourished children [62].
Two randomized controlled
trials of zinc gluconate lozenge therapy of experimentally induced rhinovirus colds
Not exact matches
These risks and uncertainties include: Gilead's ability to achieve its anticipated full year 2018 financial results; Gilead's ability to sustain growth in revenues for its antiviral and other programs; the risk that private and public payers may be reluctant to provide, or continue to provide, coverage or reimbursement for new products, including Vosevi, Yescarta, Epclusa, Harvoni, Genvoya, Odefsey, Descovy, Biktarvy and Vemlidy ®; austerity measures in European countries that may increase the amount
of discount required on Gilead's products; an increase in discounts, chargebacks and rebates due to ongoing contracts and future negotiations with commercial and government payers; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments and geographic regions and decreases in treatment duration; availability
of funding for state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs); continued fluctuations in ADAP purchases driven by federal and state grant cycles which may not mirror patient demand and may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction
of generic versions
of Viread and Truvada, an uncertain global macroeconomic environment; and potential amendments to the Affordable Care Act or other government action that could have the effect
of lowering prices or reducing the number
of insured patients; the possibility
of unfavorable results from clinical
trials involving investigational compounds; Gilead's ability to initiate clinical
trials in its currently anticipated timeframes; the levels
of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers which may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; Kite's ability to develop and commercialize cell therapies utilizing the
zinc finger nuclease technology platform and realize the benefits
of the Sangamo partnership; Gilead's ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates in the timelines currently anticipated; Gilead's ability to receive regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, for new and current products, including Biktarvy; Gilead's ability to successfully commercialize its products, including Biktarvy; the risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages
of these products over other therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products; Gilead's ability to successfully develop its hematology / oncology and inflammation / respiratory programs; safety and efficacy data from clinical studies may not warrant further development
of Gilead's product candidates, including GS - 9620 and Yescarta in combination with Pfizer's utomilumab; Gilead's ability to pay dividends or complete its share repurchase program due to changes in its stock price, corporate or other market conditions; fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate
of the U.S. dollar that may cause an unfavorable foreign currency exchange impact on Gilead's future revenues and pre-tax earnings; and other risks identified from time to time in Gilead's reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).
«However, while these encouraging results in mice mean that the
zinc finger looks like a good candidate to take forward to human
trials, we still need to do a lot
of work first to answer important questions around the safety
of the intervention, whether repeat treatments are effective, whether there might be longer - term side effects, and whether we can extend and increase the benefits beyond six months.
Those children who took
zinc were less likely to suffer a bout
of diarrhea, and when the researchers looked at growth differences, they saw that children who were given
zinc were slightly taller by the end
of the
trials compared to those who did not.
The
trial is using a form
of DNA scissors called
zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs).
Randomized controlled
trials showed that
zinc supplementation can reduce the severity
of morbidity from a number
of common childhood infections, including diarrhea, pneumonia, and possibly malaria, by one - third.
When the
trial ended, in 2001, AREDS showed that a specific formula
of nutritional supplements containing high doses
of antioxidants and
zinc could slow the disease in those who have intermediate AMD and those with advanced AMD in only one eye.
A major clinical
trial sponsored by the National Eye Institute showed that a daily supplement
of 500 milligrams
of vitamin C, 400 IU
of vitamin E, 15 milligrams
of beta - carotene, 80 milligrams
of zinc, and 2 milligrams
of copper reduced the risk
of moderate or severe AMD - related vision loss by up to 25 percent.
Barnett JB, Dao MC, Hamer DH, et al: Effect
of Zinc Supplementation on Serum
Zinc Concentration and T Cell Proliferation in Nursing Home Elderly: A Randomized, Double - Blind, Placebo - Controlled
Trial.
Another double - blind clinical
trial published in the British Journal
of Dermatology in 1977, discovered that
zinc supplements were equally effective as oxytetracycline, an oral antibiotic sometimes prescribed for treating acne.
Two other small clinical
trials evaluated the effects
of supplementation with 200 mg
zinc sulfate (providing 45 mg
zinc) for 2 years in subjects with drusen or macular degeneration.
In a randomized, double - blind, placebo - controlled clinical
trial, 50 subjects (within 24 hours
of developing the common cold) took a
zinc acetate lozenge (13.3 mg
zinc) or placebo every 2 — 3 wakeful hours.
Brown KH, Allen LH, Peerson J.
Zinc supplementation and children's growth: a meta - analysis
of intervention
trials.
Neither
zinc gluconate nor
zinc acetate lozenges affected the duration or severity
of cold symptoms in 281 subjects with natural (not experimentally induced) colds in another
trial [68].
In another clinical
trial involving 273 participants with experimentally induced colds,
zinc gluconate lozenges (providing 13.3 mg
zinc) significantly reduced the duration
of illness compared with placebo but had no effect on symptom severity [68].
Siahbazi S. Effect
of zinc sulfate supplementation on premenstrual syndrome and health - related quality
of life: Clinical randomized controlled
trial.
Roth, D. E., Richard, S. A., and Black, R. E.
Zinc supplementation for the prevention
of acute lower respiratory infection in children in developing countries: meta - analysis and meta - regression
of randomized
trials.
Sazawal, S., Black, R. E., Jalla, S., Mazumdar, S., Sinha, A., and Bhan, M. K.
Zinc supplementation reduces the incidence
of acute lower respiratory infections in infants and preschool children: a double - blind, controlled
trial.
Effect
of routine
zinc supplementation on pneumonia in children aged 6 months to 3 years: randomised controlled
trial in an urban slum.
Tielsch, J. M., Khatry, S. K., Stoltzfus, R. J., Katz, J., LeClerq, S. C., Adhikari, R., Mullany, L. C., Black, R., and Shresta, S. Effect
of daily
zinc supplementation on child mortality in southern Nepal: a community - based, cluster randomised, placebo - controlled
trial.
A community - based randomized controlled
trial of iron and
zinc supplementation in Indonesian infants: effects on growth and development.
Hakimi, M., Dibley, M., Surjono, A., and Nurdiati, D. Impact
of vitamin A and
zinc supplementation on puerperal sepsis: a randomized controlled
trial in rural Indonesia.
Bobat, R., Coovadia, H., Stephen, C., Naidoo, K. L., McKerrow, N., Black, R. E., and Moss, W. J. Safety and efficacy
of zinc supplementation for children with HIV - 1 infection in South Africa: a randomised double - blind placebo - controlled
trial.
Merialdi, M., Caulfield, L. E., Zavaleta, N., Figueroa, A., Dominici, F., and Dipietro, J. A. Randomized controlled
trial of prenatal
zinc supplementation and the development
of fetal heart rate.
Prevention
of diarrhea and pneumonia by
zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: pooled analysis
of randomized controlled
trials.
Randomized, community - based
trial of the effect
of zinc supplementation, with and without other micronutrients, on the duration
of persistent childhood diarrhea in Lima, Peru.
A double - blind, randomized, clinical
trial of the effect
of vitamin A and
zinc supplementation on diarrheal disease and respiratory tract infections in children in Mexico City, Mexico.
Effect
of zinc supplementation started during diarrhoea on morbidity and mortality in Bangladeshi children: community randomised
trial.
Sazawal, S., Black, R. E., Ramsan, M., Chwaya, H. M., Dutta, A., Dhingra, U., Stoltzfus, R. J., Othman, M. K., and Kabole, F. M. Effect
of zinc supplementation on mortality in children aged 1 - 48 months: a community - based randomised placebo - controlled
trial.
Gulani, A., Bhatnagar, S., and Sachdev, H. P. Neonatal
zinc supplementation for prevention
of mortality and morbidity in breastfed low birth weight infants: systematic review
of randomized controlled
trials.
Wuehler, S. E., Sempertegui, F., and Brown, K. H. Dose - response
trial of prophylactic
zinc supplements, with or without copper, in young Ecuadorian children at risk
of zinc deficiency.
Mathew, J. L.
Zinc supplementation for prevention or treatment
of childhood pneumonia: a systematic review
of randomized controlled
trials.
Sazawal, S., Black, R. E., Bhan, M. K., Jalla, S., Sinha, A., and Bhandari, N. Efficacy
of zinc supplementation in reducing the incidence and prevalence
of acute diarrhea — a community - based, double - blind, controlled
trial.
Rico, J. A., Kordas, K., Lopez, P., Rosado, J. L., Vargas, G. G., Ronquillo, D., and Stoltzfus, R. J. Efficacy
of iron and / or
zinc supplementation on cognitive performance
of lead - exposed Mexican schoolchildren: a randomized, placebo - controlled
trial.
Effect
of zinc supplementation on malaria and other causes
of morbidity in west African children: randomised double blind placebo controlled
trial.
A controlled
trial on utility
of oral
zinc supplementation in acute dehydrating diarrhea in infants.
A systematic review
of effect
of prenatal
zinc supplementation on birthweight: meta - analysis
of 17 randomized controlled
trials.
Merialdi, M., Caulfield, L. E., Zavaleta, N., Figueroa, A., Costigan, K. A., Dominici, F., and Dipietro, J. A. Randomized controlled
trial of prenatal
zinc supplementation and fetal bone growth.
Although there were no significant differences in teacher or parent rating scores between the
zinc and placebo group in phase 1 or 2
of the
trial, data from phase three showed that the group receiving
zinc 15 mg twice a day required a 37 % lower dosage
of AMPH when compared to placebo [18,48].
Authors speculated that this
trial was unable to replicate previous response rates because prior studies were done in areas
of high
zinc deficiency.
Zumthor is the only foreign architect to participate, with two projects, [citation needed] the Memorial in Memory
of the Victims
of the Witch
Trials in Varanger, a collaboration with Louise Bourgeois (2011), [4] and a rest area / museum on the site
of the abandoned Allmannajuvet
zinc mines, in operation from 1882 to 1898, in Norway (2016).
[2] In 1999, Zumthor was selected as the only foreign architect to participate in Norway's National Tourist Routes Project, with two projects, the Memorial in Memory
of the Victims
of the Witch
Trials in Varanger, a collaboration with Louise Bourgeois (completed in 2010), and a rest area / museum on the site
of an abandoned
zinc mine.