Health
service resources spent on children with conduct disorder are considerable: 30 % of child consultations with general practitioners are for behaviour problems, 8 and 45 % of community child health referrals are for behaviour disturbances - with an even higher level at schools for children with special needs and in clinics for children with developmental delay, where challenging behaviour is a common problem.9 Psychiatric disorders are present in 28 % of paediatric
outpatient referrals.10 Social
services departments expend a lot of effort
trying to protect disruptive children whose parents can no longer cope without hitting or abusing them.