APS (also known as astragalus polysaccharide) has been shown to activate the immune system by enhancing the
transformation of T lymphocytes (a sub-type of white blood
cells, crucial in the regulation of immune responses), as well as the activation of B lymphocytes (which produce antibodies that are used to attack invading bacteria, viruses, and toxins) and dendritic
cells, which
trigger immune reactions to toxins.