Sentences with phrase «tropical ocean and atmosphere»

By Parker and his colleagues» data and model analysis, this so - called Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation seems to be driven by interactions between the tropical ocean and atmosphere much like those that drive El Niño; the IPO could be the multidecadal expression of the El Niño cycle, they say.

The strong coupling and interactions between the Tropical Ocean and atmosphere play a major role in the development of global climatic system.

Plotted are the absolute temperatures for the tropical oceans and the atmosphere above the tropical oceans, as of April 2016 (purple columns).

Not exact matches

The model was developed recently by the US government's National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to make use of new sea and wind data collected from instruments moored across the Pacific as part of the international Tropical Ocean / Global Atmosphere (TOGA) research programme.

Although the distribution of these emissions is still uncertain, measurements have indicated that the tropical oceans could be major sources, lofting them into the atmosphere where they can ultimately contribute to reactions that control tropospheric and stratospheric ozone.

The next step was see how those factors were influenced by ENSO; while El Niños and La Niñas are defined by how much warmer or colder than normal tropical Pacific ocean waters are, they trigger a cascade of reactions in the atmosphere that can alter weather patterns around the globe.

But the local warming is just part of an intricate set of changes in the ocean and atmosphere across the tropical Pacific, which covers a third of the Earth's circumference.

«The tropical Pacific ocean - atmosphere system has been called a sleeping dragon because of how it can influence climate elsewhere,» said lead author Aradhna Tripati, a UCLA assistant professor in the departments of Earth, planetary and space sciences, and atmospheric and oceanic sciences.

This work has been supported by the NOPP project «Advanced coupled atmosphere - wave - ocean modeling for improving tropical cyclone prediction models» (PIs: Isaac Ginis, URI and Shuyi Chen, UM) and by the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) Consortium for Advanced Research on the Transport of Hydrocarbons in the Environment — CARTHE (PI: Tamay Özgökmen, UM).

A detailed, long - term ocean temperature record derived from corals on Christmas Island in Kiribati and other islands in the tropical Pacific shows that the extreme warmth of recent El Niño events reflects not just the natural ocean - atmosphere cycle but a new factor: global warming caused by human activity.

El Niño — a warming of tropical Pacific Ocean waters that changes weather patterns across the globe — causes forests to dry out as rainfall patterns shift, and the occasional unusually strong «super» El Niños, like the current one, have a bigger effect on CO2 levels in the atmosphere.

However, radiation changes at the top of the atmosphere from the 1980s to 1990s, possibly related in part to the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, appear to be associated with reductions in tropical upper - level cloud cover, and are linked to changes in the energy budget at the surface and changes in observed ocean heat content.

They found increases in sea surface temperature and upper ocean heat content made the ocean more conducive to tropical cyclone intensification, while enhanced convective instability made the atmosphere more favorable for the growth of these storms.

Pacific Ocean temperatures in the key El Niño region likely peaked in November, but it takes about three to five months for that heat to spread beyond the tropical Pacific and warm the broader atmosphere.

Evaporation in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean left ocean waters there saltier and put fresh water vapor into the atmosphere.

The blues of the ocean, lush greens of the hillside, and natural textures of stone create a relaxing tropical atmosphere, sure to inspire serenity.

Katathani Phuket Beach Resort holds a special place in many return visitors hearts and it has constantly proved popular year after year.The resort comprises 479 low - rise guest rooms and suites - all with private balconies and terraces facing the ocean, pools or tropical gardens.Katathani has a tangible family atmosphere yet with two separate wings, six swimming pools and huge grounds as well as an adjacent 850 - metre long beach, things never get too crowded.The resort has six restaurants and five bars.Upstairs from the main dining room Chom Talay, La Scala offers excellent contemporary Italian fare in a classic setting with live piano music.

In Cairns itself, head down to the lagoon on the waterfront, where you can soak up the tropical atmosphere amongst the palm trees and ocean breezes as you watch the boats heading to and from the reef.

In Relationships between Water Vapor Path and Precipitation over the Tropical Oceans, Bretherton et al showed that although the Western Pacific warmer surface waters increased the water in the atmosphere compared to the Eastern Pacific, rainfall was lower in the Western Pacific compared to the Eastern Pacific for equal amounts of water vapor in the atmospheric column — e.g., about 10mm / day in the Western Pacific, versus ~ 20mm / day in the Eastern Pacific at 55 mm water vapor, the peak of the distribution of water vapor amounts.

Could this at some point lead to embedded «tropical cyclone» development within the core of such a system even outside the tropics and perhaps even removed from the ocean if a sufficient stream of moisture is flowing in the atmosphere?

We know that the number of tropical cyclones is influenced by several factors: the seasonal cycle, the geography, ocean temperatures and the wind structure in the atmosphere.

El Niños like this one have the ability to shift weather patterns on a global basis and in general send a surge of extra heat into the atmosphere from the warmer - than - normal tropical Pacific Ocean.

So while warmer oceans and a more fertile atmosphere might accelerate some kinds of plankton bloom, the seas could become too acidic for tropical micro-organisms.

Though hurricanes strenthen when moving over warmer water, this is merely due to the fact that the horizontal temperature gradient of the atmosphere is not as steep, i.e. the temperature differential between the water and the atmosphere increases as the storm hits tropical waters; it is not the ocean temperature per se that drives the hurricane.

Dan Barrie, program manager at NOAA, called the research «compelling» and said: «[It] provides a powerful illustration of how the remote eastern tropical Pacific guides the behaviour of the global ocean - atmosphere system, in this case exhibiting a discernible influence on the recent hiatus in global warming.»

Hurricanes draw their energy from the ocean and warmer waters provide an increase in both temperature and moisture content of the tropical atmosphere, which leads to storm intensification.

Limited validations for the results include comparisons of 1) the PERSIANN - derived diurnal cycle of rainfall at Rondonia, Brazil, with that derived from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Oceanï ¿ 1/2 Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) radar data; 2) the PERSIANN diurnal cycle of rainfall over the western Pacific Ocean with that derived from the data of the optical rain gauges mounted on the TOGA - moored buoys; and 3) the monthly accumulations of rainfall samples from the orbital TMI and PR surface rainfall with the accumulations of concurrent PERSIANN estimates.

** We note, however, that the atmosphere, both over land and ocean, did not warm during this same post-1978 period — even though atmospheric theory and every climate model predicts that the tropical atmosphere should warm nearly twice as rapidly as the surface.

The evolution of El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability can be characterized by various ocean - atmosphere feedbacks, for example, the influence of ENSO related sea surface temperature (SST) variability on the low - level wind and surface heat fluxes in the equatorial tropical Pacific, which in turn affects the evolution of the SST.

Warm water in the tropical Pacific Ocean warmed up the atmosphere and drove record high temperatures (see 1998 in the satellite temperature data below).

Walker Circulation - Direct thermally driven zonal overturning circulation in the atmosphere over the tropical Pacific Ocean, with rising air in the western and sinking air in the eastern Pacific.

I have devoted 30 years to conducting research on topics including climate feedback processes in the Arctic, energy exchange between the ocean and atmosphere, the role of clouds and aerosols in the climate system, and the impact of climate change on the characteristics of tropical cyclones.

So something less than 1 m / s in velocity of atmospheric gas molecules may be occurring in tropical ocean area [and a lot of the earth's atmosphere is over the the tropical oceans].

And that means it is a poor indicator of the state of ENSO, which is a tropical Pacific (not North Pacific) coupled ocean - atmosphere process.

«Assessing Impacts of PBL and Surface Layer Schemes in Simulating the Surface — Atmosphere Interactions and Precipitation over the Tropical Ocean Using Observations from AMIE / DYNAMO.»

Identify how anthropogenic forcing and natural atmosphere - ocean variability contribute uniquely to decadal timescale changes in the width of the tropical belt.

There is an accumulation of energy in the tropical ocean and to a lesser extent in the atmosphere at lower latitudes.

Hybrid storms and climate change: Sandy, continues Emanuel, is a «hybrid storm» — in other words, it has characteristics of tropical cyclones (hurricanes) that get their energy from the warm ocean surface, but also of winter cyclones that get their energy from temperature contrasts in the atmosphere.

The top graph plots the changes in tropical oceans (a latitude range of -20 to +20); the tropical atmosphere (a latitude range of -20 to +20); and the continental U.S.

Solar UV influences on ocean / atmosphere coupling — as Lockwood and others have suggested recently — seems a more likely mechanism in climatologically important tropical marine zones.

Our study stresses the importance of those internal connections between tropical Pacific Ocean SSTs, the ENSO system, and the American Southwest hydroclimatic conditions and supports the contention that: (1) internal variability of the ocean - atmosphere system may not be accurately represented in current global climate models, and (2) enhanced variability as a result of these stochastic events should be further considOcean SSTs, the ENSO system, and the American Southwest hydroclimatic conditions and supports the contention that: (1) internal variability of the ocean - atmosphere system may not be accurately represented in current global climate models, and (2) enhanced variability as a result of these stochastic events should be further considocean - atmosphere system may not be accurately represented in current global climate models, and (2) enhanced variability as a result of these stochastic events should be further considered.

In present conditions the polar cave will be colder than tropical cave, and this temperature difference [tropic vs polar] and I would say this difference will be more of variation as compared the effect of removing atmosphere and oceans.

One approach to this problem is «downscaling,» a procedure in which climate changes in large - scale atmosphere and ocean conditions predicted by a global model are used as input to a fine - scale regional model that does resolve tropical cyclones.

CAS = Commission for Atmospheric Sciences CMDP = Climate Metrics and Diagnostic Panel CMIP = Coupled Model Intercomparison Project DAOS = Working Group on Data Assimilation and Observing Systems GASS = Global Atmospheric System Studies panel GEWEX = Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GLASS = Global Land - Atmosphere System Studies panel GOV = Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) Ocean View JWGFVR = Joint Working Group on Forecast Verification Research MJO - TF = Madden - Julian Oscillation Task Force PDEF = Working Group on Predictability, Dynamics and Ensemble Forecasting PPP = Polar Prediction Project QPF = Quantitative precipitation forecast S2S = Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project SPARC = Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate TC = Tropical cyclone WCRP = World Climate Research Programme WCRP Grand Science Challenges • Climate Extremes • Clouds, Circulation and Climate Sensitivity • Melting Ice and Global Consequences • Regional Sea - Ice Change and Coastal Impacts • Water Availability WCRP JSC = Joint Scientific Committee WGCM = Working Group on Coupled Modelling WGSIP = Working Group on Subseasonal to Interdecadal Prediction WWRP = World Weather Research Programme YOPP = Year of Polar Prediction

They depend on the east - west oscillation of the tropical Pacific thermocline, which adiabatically redistributes heat between the surface (~ 0 — 100 m) and subsurface ocean (~ 100 — 500 m) and thus allows the near - surface ocean to significantly alter its net heat exchange with the atmosphere depending on the phase of ENSO [Roemmich and Gilson, 2011].

An example of internal variability is El Niño, a warming cycle in the Pacific Ocean which has a big impact on the global climate, resulting from the interaction between atmosphere and ocean in the tropical PacOcean which has a big impact on the global climate, resulting from the interaction between atmosphere and ocean in the tropical Pacocean in the tropical Pacific.

Mechoso, C. R., and and Coauthors,, 1995: The seasonal cycle over the tropical Pacific in coupled ocean — atmosphere general circulation models.

Mechoso, A. W. Robertson and A. Arakawa, 1996: Peruvian stratus clouds and the tropical Pacific circulation - a coupled ocean - atmosphere GCM study.

Keep in mind that ENSO is a coupled ocean - atmosphere process and that the trade winds and the temperature gradient (not anomalies) of the tropical Pacific interact.

You are probably also aware already that water vapor is as much if not more of a so called greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide is and there is a lot of evaporating ocean water on the planet not to mention clouds and high tropical humidity because hot air provides added space in the atmosphere for water vapor gas to become a major component of air.