Sentences with phrase «tropical sea surface»

The clouds respond to ENSO, not the other way round [see: Trenberth, K. E., J. T. Fasullo, C. O'Dell, and T. Wong, 2010: Relationships between tropical sea surface temperatures and top - of - atmosphere radiation.

For hurricane wind speeds, our model shows a sensitivity of about 4 % per degree Celsius increase in tropical sea surface temperatures, with a larger percentage increase in near - storm rainfall.

This expectation (Figure 11) is based on an anticipated enhancement of energy available to the storms due to higher tropical sea surface temperatures.

Model studies and theory project a 3 - 5 % increase in wind - speed per degree Celsius increase of tropical sea surface temperatures»; and «If the projected rise in sea level due to global warming occurs, then the vulnerability to tropical cyclone storm surge flooding would increase.»

There is observational evidence for an increase of intense tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic since about 1970, correlated with increases of tropical sea surface temperatures.

Scientists search for clues in the earth's surface conditions such as tropical sea surface temperatures and snow cover at higher latitudes.

Tropical sea surface temperatures can be as high as 32C.

It means that the global sea surface temperatures used by Endersbee in his calculations have been controlled by warming of the sea surface waters outside the tropical sea surface i.e. mainly the warming of the sea surface waters of higher latitudes where the sea surface CO2 sinks are.

Shin, Z. Liu and Q. Liu (October 2016): Sensitivity of Asian Summer Monsoon precipitation to tropical sea surface temperature anomalies.

• About the past: «There is observational evidence for an increase of intense tropical cyclone activity in the North Atlantic since about 1970, correlated with increases of tropical sea surface temperatures.

[Shaviv and Veizer, 2003] conclude that the effect of a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration on tropical sea surface temperatures (SST) is likely to be 0.5 ºC (up to 1.9 ºC at 99 % confidence), with global mean temperature changes about 1.5 times as large.

Emanuel, K., and A. Sobel, 2013: Response of tropical sea surface temperature, precipitation, and tropical cyclone - related variables to changes in global and local forcing.

Also we well know how ENSO events cause changing CO2 content in atmosphere when tropical sea surface temperature is changing.

Analyses of model simulations suggest that for each 1.8 °F increase in tropical sea surface temperatures, rainfall rates will increase by 6 to 18 percent.

The forecast possibility of El Niño nears 50 % by the winter, as many of the computer models are trending to warmer tropical sea surface conditions in the later months of 2018.

«Our results indicate that tropical sea surface temperatures were significantly higher than today during the Early Silurian period (443 — 423 Myr ago), when carbon dioxide concentrations are thought to have been relatively high, and were broadly similar to today during the Late Carboniferous period (314 — 300 Myr ago), when carbon dioxide concentrations are thought to have been similar to the present - day value.

The rising trend of increasing CO2 content in atmosphere can not be explained by these tropical sea surface temperatures.

And also, no mention of clouds and the 31C limit on tropical sea surface temp.

4) By interpreting the analyss of Bob Tisdale, the global sea surface temperatures used by Endersbee in his calculations have been controlled by warming of the sea surface waters outside the tropical sea surface i.e. mainly by the warming of the sea surface waters of higher latitudes where the sea surface CO2 sinks are.

Subsequently, climate change has been greatly affected as Antarctic Intermediate Water have cooled and exerted a tremendous effect on tropical sea surface temperatures for millions of years via «ocean tunneling».

In the Kitoh and Murakami (2002) paper referred to in our mid-Holocene Optimum post, the authors note that that, while there is evidence of cooler tropical sea surface temperatures (SST) in many locations, the temperature changes are far from uniform.

A good explanation of the details is provided here: Koll & Abbot (2013)-- Why Tropical Sea Surface Temperature is Insensitive to Ocean Heat Transport Changes.

For instance, for the Last Glacial Maximum, model - data mis - matches highlighted by Rind and Peteet (1985) for the tropical sea surface temperatures, have subsequently been more or less resolved in favour of the models.

Several recent studies such as Emanuel (2005 — previously discussed here) and Hoyos et al (2006 — previously discussed here) have emphasized the role of increasing tropical sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on recent increases in hurricane intensities, both globally and for the Atlantic.

The study, published today in the journal Nature, draws on a new record of tropical sea surface temperature dating back to 1500, captured in fossilised corals and tiny marine organisms.

Trenberth, K.E., et al., 1998: Progress during TOGA in understanding and modeling global teleconnection associated with tropical sea surface temperatures.

However, extreme events may require the combined effect of increased prevailing winds and tropical storms guided by the strengthened blocking high pressure and nurtured by the unusually warm late - Eemian tropical sea surface temperatures (Cortijo et al., 1999), which would favor more powerful tropical storms (Emanuel, 1987).

The new results, published in Nature Geoscience, contradict those previous studies and indicate that tropical sea surface temperatures were warmer during the early - to - mid Pliocene, an interval spanning about 5 to 3 million years ago.

Beyond human activity, tropical sea surface temperatures further back in time are affected by volcanic eruptions, changes in the intensity of sunlight and natural events like El Niño.

They found that tropical sea surface temperature in the Eocene was about 6 degrees Celsius — about 10 degrees Fahrenheit — warmer than today.

Not exact matches

The finding surprised the University of Arizona - led research team, because the sparse instrumental records for sea surface temperature for that part of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean did not show warming.

«There has been an average of one additional tropical cyclone for each 0.1 - degree Celsius increase in sea surface temperature and one hurricane for each 0.2 - degree Celsius rise,» they write in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A.

The research, an analysis of sea salt sodium levels in mountain ice cores, finds that warming sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific Ocean have intensified the Aleutian Low pressure system that drives storm activity in the North Pacific.

Both the 2005 and 2010 droughts were the result of a «very, very unusual» weather pattern linked to higher sea surface temperatures in the Atlantic Ocean, said lead author Simon Lewis, a tropical forests expert at the University of Leeds.

«This immediately pointed to the importance of sea surface temperatures, and also suggested that models are capable of reproducing the observed rate of tropical widening, that is, they were not «deficient» in some way.»

«When we analyzed IPCC climate model experiments driven with the time - evolution of observed sea surface temperatures, we found much larger rates of tropical widening, in better agreement to the observed rate — particularly in the Northern Hemisphere,» Allen said.

But the ice core - derived climate records from the Andes are also impacted from the west — specifically by El Niño, a temporary change in climate, which is driven by sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific.

But sea surface temperatures in tropical areas are now warmer during today's La Niña years (when the water is typically cooler) than during El Niño events 40 years ago, says study coauthor Terry Hughes, a coral researcher at James Cook University in Townsville, Australia.

The new analysis combines sea - surface temperature records with meteorological station measurements and tests alternative choices for ocean records, urban warming and tropical and Arctic oscillations.

The penguins once numbered around 2,000 individuals, but in the early 1980s a strong El Niño — a time when sea surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific are unusually warm — brought their numbers down to less than 500 birds.

The underlying pattern in this year's fire forecast is driven by the fact that the western Amazon is more heavily influence by sea surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic, and the eastern Amazon's fire severity risk correlates to sea surface temperature changes in the tropical Pacific Ocean.

To develop the model, they compared historic fire data from NASA's Terra satellite with sea surface temperature data in the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic oceans from buoys and satellite images compiled by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Sea surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and tropical Pacific oceans three to six months before the peak of fire season are strongly correlated with total fire activity.

The study «The Air - Sea Interface and Surface Stress Under Tropical Cyclones» was published in the June 16, 2014 issue of the journal Nature Scientific Reports.

Folland says that sea - surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic are highly variable between January and May.

The western tropical Pacific is known as the «warm pool» with the highest sea surface temperature (SST) in the world (on average).

They found increases in sea surface temperature and upper ocean heat content made the ocean more conducive to tropical cyclone intensification, while enhanced convective instability made the atmosphere more favorable for the growth of these storms.

The most recent observations of sea surface temperatures across the tropical Pacific Ocean (top) and how different those temperatures are from normal (bottom).

Sea surface temperature in North Atlantic and Mediterranean waters triggers tropical cyclones afar

In a key region of the tropical Pacific, the November average sea surface temperature beat out records from 1983 and 1997, according to the European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts.