Not exact matches
This deep convection, the most conspicuous feature of the
tropical circulation, in the company of precipitation transports latent heat from the earth's surface to the
upper atmosphere.
One theory is that heat from
tropical rain warms parts of the Earth's
upper atmosphere in ways that favor the formation of the classic «wavenumber - 5» pattern that has alternately drenched and dried parts of California.
However, radiation changes at the top of the
atmosphere from the 1980s to 1990s, possibly related in part to the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, appear to be associated with reductions in
tropical upper - level cloud cover, and are linked to changes in the energy budget at the surface and changes in observed ocean heat content.
Despite consistently warm waters,
tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea typically don't reach the higher end of the hurricane scale because winds in the
upper atmosphere tend to cut them off.
They found increases in sea surface temperature and
upper ocean heat content made the ocean more conducive to
tropical cyclone intensification, while enhanced convective instability made the
atmosphere more favorable for the growth of these storms.
Explore further: A daily disturbance from the
upper atmosphere leaves its footprints on
tropical rainfall
Heat from anomalously warm ocean temperatures is transported vertically and eventually northward by unusually active
tropical convection (thunderstorms), warming the
upper atmosphere in the lower latitudes.
This is because hurricanes get their energy from the temperature difference between the warm
tropical ocean and the cold
upper atmosphere.
No hot spot in the
upper tropical atmosphere, as all models predict.
Lindzen's essential argument was that warming would make an increase in
tropical thunderstorm clouds, whose downdrafts would remove moisture from the
upper atmosphere.
The reason why Figure 9.1 in IPCC AR4 is disconcerting is that the temperature anomaly in the
upper tropical atmosphere bears the signature of increased moist convective activity, which means that the hydrological cycle probably gets perturbed by increased GHG forcings, hence affecting rainfall patterns.
There are a lot of collisions in
tropical thunder clouds that are rapidly delivering energy (and surface emitted CO2) to the
upper atmosphere where it is free to radiate to space rather than back to the surface.